Nokea
What is an important nursing responsibility when dealing with a family experiencing the loss of an infant from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?
- A. Discourage the parents from making a last visit with the infant.
- B. Make a follow-up home visit to the parents as soon as possible after the childs death.
- C. Explain how SIDS could have been predicted and prevented.
- D. Interview the parents in depth concerning the circumstances surrounding the childs death.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A competent, qualified professional should visit the family at home as soon as possible after the death. Printed information about SIDS should be provided to the family. Parents should be allowed and encouraged to make a last visit with their child. SIDS cannot always be prevented or predicted, but parents can take steps to reduce the risk (e.g., supine sleeping, removing blankets and pillows from the crib, and not smoking). Discussions about the cause only increase parental guilt. The parents should be asked only factual questions to determine the cause of death.
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A parent brings a 12-month-old infant into the emergency department and tells the nurse that the infant is allergic to peanuts and was accidentally given a cookie with peanuts in it. The infant is dyspneic, wheezing, and cyanotic. The health care provider has prescribed a dose of epinephrine to be administered. The infant weighs 24 lb. How many milligrams of epinephrine should be administered?
- A. 0.11 to 0.33 mg
- B. 0.011 to 0.3 mg
- C. 1.1 to 3.3 mg
- D. 11 to 33 mg
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct dose of epinephrine to use in the emergency management of an anaphylactic reaction is 0.001 mg/kg up to a maximum of 0.3 mg, giving a range of 0.011 to 0.3 mg using a weight of 11 kg (24 lb).
Which term refers to the relative lactase deficiency observed in preterm infants of less than 34 weeks of gestation?
- A. Congenital lactase deficiency
- B. Primary lactase deficiency
- C. Secondary lactase deficiency
- D. Developmental lactase deficiency
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Developmental lactase deficiency refers to the relative lactase deficiency observed in preterm infants of less than 34 weeks of gestation. Congenital lactase deficiency occurs soon after birth after the newborn has consumed lactose-containing milk. Primary lactase deficiency, sometimes referred to as late-onset lactase deficiency, is the most common type of lactose intolerance and is manifested usually after 4 or 5 years of age. Secondary lactase deficiency may occur secondary to damage of the intestinal lumen, which decreases or destroys the enzyme lactase.
At a well-child check-up, the nurse notes that an infant with a previous diagnosis of failure to thrive (FTT) is now steadily gaining weight. The nurse should recommend that fruit juice intake be limited to no more than how much?
- A. 4 oz/day
- B. 6 oz/day
- C. 8 oz/day
- D. 12 oz/day
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Restrict juice intake in children with FTT until adequate weight gain has been achieved with appropriate milk sources; thereafter, give no more than 4 oz/day of juice.
Where do eczematous lesions most commonly occur in an infant?
- A. Abdomen, cheeks, and scalp
- B. Buttocks, abdomen, and scalp
- C. Back and flexor surfaces of the arms and legs
- D. Cheeks and extensor surfaces of the arms and legs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The lesions of atopic dermatitis are generalized in infants. They are most common on the cheeks, scalp, trunk, and extensor surfaces of the extremities. The abdomen and buttocks are not common sites of lesions. The back and flexor surfaces are not usually involved.
A 1-year-old child is on a pure vegetarian (vegan) diet. This diet requires supplementation with what?
- A. Niacin
- B. Folic acid
- C. Vitamins D and B12
- D. Vitamins C and E
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pure vegetarian (vegan) diets eliminate any food of animal origin, including milk and eggs. These diets require supplementation with many vitamins, especially vitamin B6, vitamin B12, riboflavin, vitamin D, iron, and zinc. Niacin, folic acid, and vitamins C and E are readily obtainable from foods of vegetable origin.