Nokea
What is blood pressure?
- A. The force produced by the volume of blood in arterial walls
- B. The force produced by the volume of blood in the venous system
- C. The measurement of cardiac output
- D. The peripheral resistance of the cardiac output
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Blood pressure (BP) is the force produced by the volume of blood in arterial walls. It is represented by the formula: $\mathrm{BP}=\mathrm{CO}$ (cardiac output) PR (peripheral resistance). This makes the other options incorrect.
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The nurse is teaching a client about chronic untreated hypertension. What complication will the nurse explain to the client?
- A. peripheral edema
- B. right-sided heart failure
- C. stroke
- D. pulmonary insufficiency
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A stroke occurs if vessels in the brain rupture and bleed. If an aneurysm has developed in the aorta from chronic hypertension, it may burst and cause hemorrhage and shock. Peripheral edema, right-sided heart failure, and pulmonary insufficiency are not usually consequences of untreated chronic hypertension.
The nurse is caring for a client who is newly diagnosed with hypertension. The client states, 'I do not understand what is causing my blood pressure to continue to rise.' Which information does the nurse recognize as the key structure in regulating arterial blood pressure?
- A. Heart
- B. Lung
- C. Brain
- D. Kidney
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The body regulates blood pressure throughout the day. The components of the autonomic nervous system, the kidneys, and endocrine glands regulate arterial pressure. The heart is the pump sending blood throughout the system. The lungs exchange oxygen but do not affect blood pressure. The brain recognizes and processes sympathetic nervous system activity to raise blood pressure.
A client, newly prescribed a low-sodium diet due to hypertension, is asking for help with meal choices. The client names four favorite meal choices. Which selection would be best?
- A. Toasted cheese sandwich on whole wheat toast with tomato soup
- B. Creamed chipped beef over toast with mashed potatoes
- C. Hot dog with ketchup and relish on whole wheat bun
- D. Green pepper stuffed with diced tomatoes and chicken
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fresh vegetables are low in sodium. A green pepper with (fresh) diced tomatoes and chicken is a good low-sodium, high vegetable and protein selection. Cheese and soup (tomato and creamed) are high in sodium. Processed meats such as a hot dogs and condiments such as ketchup are high in sodium.
The nurse is caring for a client with hypertension. The nurse is correct to realize that a 24-hour urine is ordered to determine if the cause of hypertension is related to the dysfunction of what?
- A. Thyroid gland
- B. Adrenal gland
- C. Pituitary gland
- D. Thymus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The 24-hour urine collection specimen is ordered to determine dysfunction of the adrenal gland. The 24-hour urine detects elevated catecholamines. The other options are not evaluated by a 24-hour urine.
The nurse would screen a client from which ethnic background for hypertension at an early age?
- A. Asian population
- B. Japanese population
- C. Mexican population
- D. Population of African descent
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The population of African descent is at the highest risk for development of hypertension. The other ethnic backgrounds have a lower risk.