Nokea
What is essential in an ecological approach to health behaviour?
- A. People should be approached in their natural environment
- B. People learn behaviour in a layered environment
- C. People aim to find a balance between risk and health
- D. If it is beneficial to one's health, it is also sustainable
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ecological health layered worlds shape acts, not just spots, balance, or green wins. Nurses weave this, a chronic context web.
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A nurse is creating a plan of care for an oncology patient and one of the identified nursing diagnoses is risk for infection related to myelosuppression. What intervention addresses the leading cause of infection-related death in oncology patients?
- A. Encourage several small meals daily
- B. Provide skin care to maintain skin integrity
- C. Assist the patient with hygiene, as needed
- D. Assess the integrity of the patient's oral mucosa regularly
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Myelosuppression from chemo or cancer slashes white cells, making infection a top killer sepsis often starts at breached barriers like skin. Maintaining skin integrity via cleansing and protection stops bugs (e.g., Staph) from sneaking in, directly tackling this risk. Small meals fight malnutrition, a secondary factor, not the leading death driver. Hygiene helps, but it's broad, not specific to the prime entry point. Oral mucosa checks catch stomatitis, another risk, but skin's the bigger battlefield in oncology stats. Nurses prioritize this, knowing intact skin's the first defense against fatal infections in these fragile patients.
A client with metastatic cancer of the colon experiences severe vomiting following each administration of chemotherapy. Which action, if taken by the nurse, is most appropriate?
- A. Have the patient eat large meals when nausea is not present
- B. Offer dry crackers and carbonated fluids during chemotherapy
- C. Administer prescribed antiemetics 1 hour before the treatments
- D. Give the patient two ounces of a citrus fruit beverage during treatments
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chemo's gut punch severe vomiting bows to preemptive antiemetics, given 1 hour before, blunting nausea's peak, the most effective move per oncology standards. Big meals overload; crackers help post-, not during; citrus risks acid reflux. Nurses time antiemetics, syncing with chemo's onslaught, a proactive strike to ease this metastatic misery, trumping reactive nibbles or sips.
A client with cancer is admitted to a short-term rehabilitation facility. The nurse prepares to administer the client's oral chemotherapy medications. What action by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. Crush the medications if the client cannot swallow them.
- B. Give one medication at a time with a full glass of water.
- C. No special precautions are needed for these medications.
- D. Wear personal protective equipment when handling the medications.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oral chemotherapy drugs, like their IV counterparts, are hazardous due to their cytotoxic properties, posing risks to healthcare workers through skin contact or inhalation during handling. The most appropriate action is for the nurse to wear personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, to minimize exposure, aligning with oncology safety standards. Crushing these medications is contraindicated, as it increases the risk of aerosolizing toxic particles, endangering both nurse and client many are labeled do not crush.' Giving one at a time with water isn't necessary unless specified and doesn't address safety. Assuming no precautions are needed ignores the drugs' hazardous nature, risking occupational exposure. Using PPE ensures safe administration, protects the nurse's health, and maintains the medication's integrity, reflecting best practices in cancer care where handling precautions are non-negotiable.
The nurse assesses a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who is receiving an infusion of rituximab (Rituxan). Which assessment finding would require the most rapid action by the nurse?
- A. Shortness of breath
- B. Shivering and chills
- C. Muscle aches and pains
- D. Temperature of 100.2°F (37.9°C)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody, can trigger anaphylaxis shortness of breath yells airway trouble, needing stat infusion halt over chills , aches , or mild fever . Nurses in oncology jump breathing trumps flu-like norms, a life-or-death call.
Self-management is an important principle in optimal management and prevention of exacerbation. In order for the patient to self-manage appropriately, which of the following is not required?
- A. Understanding of the pathophysiology of disease, nature of inflammation and bronchoconstriction and trigger avoidance
- B. Education on medication compliance, use of devices and correct inhalation technique, as well as when to increase dosage
- C. Assessment by multidisciplinary team to address additional health concerns
- D. Development of an action plan in knowledge on when to implement and when to seek assistance
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Asthma self-rule needs know-how pathology, meds, triggers, action plans not a full team probe. That's extra, not must-have; core's patient-led. Nurses train this, a chronic solo skill.