Nokea
What is important to consider when evaluating the dose of lithium to be administered?
- A. Narrow therapeutic index - too little will not produce effects
- B. while too much can cause toxicity
- C. Divalproex (Depakote)
- D. Tachycardia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because lithium has a narrow therapeutic index, meaning the difference between a therapeutic dose and a toxic dose is small. Therefore, it is crucial to carefully consider the dose to avoid subtherapeutic effects or toxicity. Option B is incorrect because it only focuses on the toxicity aspect of lithium, ignoring the importance of therapeutic effects. Option C, Divalproex, is irrelevant to the dosing of lithium. Option D, Tachycardia, is also irrelevant to lithium dosing considerations. It is essential to prioritize the therapeutic index when evaluating the dose of lithium for safe and effective treatment.
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A patient has smoked two packs of cigarettes daily for many years. When the patient does not smoke or tries to cut back, anxiety, craving, poor concentration, and headache result. What does this scenario describe?
- A. Substance abuse
- B. Substance intoxication
- C. Substance dependence
- D. Recreational use of a social drug
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Substance dependence. This scenario describes a pattern of symptoms indicative of substance dependence, which includes tolerance, withdrawal symptoms when trying to cut back, unsuccessful attempts to quit, and continued use despite negative consequences. The patient's reliance on cigarettes to manage anxiety, craving, poor concentration, and headache indicates a psychological and physical dependence on nicotine.
A: Substance abuse typically involves harmful use of a substance but does not necessarily include physiological dependence.
B: Substance intoxication refers to the immediate effects of a substance in the body, not the long-term pattern of dependence.
D: Recreational use of a social drug implies occasional and non-regular use, which does not align with the described scenario of chronic, daily smoking leading to withdrawal symptoms.
Name some paradoxical ways in which people resist oppression.
- A. Violence, protests, and legal action
- B. Passive resistance, humor, community strength
- C. Submission, obedience, and silence
- D. Manipulation, deceit, and coercion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Passive resistance, humor, and community-building are paradoxical as they appear weak but defy control effectively.
Gendered messages are most likely to be found
- A. In the media
- B. In government programs
- C. Among peers
- D. In toy stores
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Media is a primary source of gendered messages shaping perceptions.
What is the ethical principle of 'Beneficence' obligation?
- A. Doctor-patient discussions are privileged and confidential
- B. Physicians should tell the truth
- C. Physicians should act in the best interest of the patient
- D. Patients have the right to make their own decisions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Beneficence mandates acting in the patient's best interest.
The nurse is managing the care of an older adult who has recently immigrated to the United States from an Asian country. The client is depressed and is neither sleeping nor eating well. In order to best facilitate the client's care in a culturally competent manner, the nurse:
- A. Encourages the client's adult children to visit as often as possible especially around meals and bedtime.
- B. Assesses the client's ability to understand the importance of both eating and sleeping in a healthy manner.
- C. Discusses interventions that may support the client in sleeping and eating with the adult members of the family.
- D. Requests a consult with the dietitian to discuss how to supplement the client's diet while using food to effectively promote sleep.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Choice C is correct as it involves discussing interventions with the family, respecting the client's cultural norms and involving them in the care plan.
2. Choice A assumes family involvement without assessing the client's preferences or cultural beliefs, potentially imposing Western values.
3. Choice B focuses solely on individual assessment without considering the importance of family dynamics in the client's culture.
4. Choice D addresses dietary concerns but overlooks the holistic approach of involving the family in the care plan.