Nokea
What is located on the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
- A. Microvilli
- B. Mitochondria
- C. Lysosomes
- D. Ribosomes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis. Ribosomes are the correct answer because they are the organelles directly associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Microvilli (choice A), mitochondria (choice B), and lysosomes (choice C) are not typically located on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Microvilli are found on the surface of cells to increase surface area, mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell responsible for energy production, and lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes.
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The Punnett square shows that one parent carries the recessive gene for a cleft chin (c) while the other parent does not. What percentage of the parents' offspring is predicted to have a cleft chin?
- A. 25%
- B. 50%
- C. 0%
- D. 75%
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 0%. If one parent carries the recessive gene for a cleft chin while the other parent does not, none of the offspring will express the recessive phenotype. This is because in order for a child to have a cleft chin, they would need to inherit the recessive gene from both parents. Therefore, although the offspring could be carriers of the gene, none are predicted to have a cleft chin. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the presence of the recessive gene in one parent and its absence in the other would not result in any offspring showing the cleft chin trait.
What characteristic of water allows for hydrogen bonding between molecules?
- A. Its covalent bonds
- B. Its cohesive properties
- C. Its high specific heat
- D. Its polar nature
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Its polar nature. Water is a polar molecule with a partial positive charge on hydrogen atoms and a partial negative charge on oxygen atoms. This polarity allows water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with each other. Choice A, covalent bonds, is incorrect because while water indeed has covalent bonds, they do not directly enable hydrogen bonding. Choice B, cohesive properties, is incorrect as cohesion refers to water's ability to stick to other substances, not the specific characteristic that allows for hydrogen bonding. Choice C, high specific heat, is also incorrect as it refers to water's ability to resist changes in temperature, not its property that leads to hydrogen bonding.
What is considered the main objective of the translation stage of protein synthesis?
- A. To produce amino acids
- B. To produce nucleotides
- C. To produce fatty acids
- D. To produce nucleic acids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: To produce amino acids. During the translation stage of protein synthesis, the mRNA is decoded to assemble a specific sequence of amino acids. These amino acids then fold into a functional protein. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the translation stage specifically deals with the production of amino acids, not nucleotides, fatty acids, or nucleic acids.
Water is held together by which of the following bonds?
- A. Electrostatic attraction
- B. Van der Waals forces
- C. Hydrogen
- D. Oxygen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Water molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds, which are weak bonds formed between the slightly positive hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the slightly negative oxygen atom of another. Choice A, electrostatic attraction, is a general term for the attraction between opposite charges but does not specifically describe the bonds in water. Choice B, Van der Waals forces, are weak intermolecular forces that arise from temporary fluctuations in electron distribution, not the primary bonds in water. Choice D, oxygen, is incorrect as oxygen is part of the water molecule but not the bond holding water molecules together.
What is located on the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
- A. Microvilli
- B. Mitochondria
- C. Lysosomes
- D. Ribosomes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.