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What is most important for the nurse to do when preparing to administer a prescribed oral drug? Select all that apply.
- A. Making sure the client is in an upright position prior to administration
- B. Ensuring that a full glass of water is readily available
- C. Leaving PRN drugs at the bedside for ready access if needed
- D. Instructing the client to tilt his or her head back to swallow a capsule
- E. Having the client refrain from sipping on the water before placing the tablet in the mouth
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: Clients should always be in an upright position when receiving oral drugs and a glass of water should be readily available. They should be encouraged to take a few sips of water before placing the tablet or capsule in the mouth. Drugs should never be left at the client's bedside. Instruct clients to tilt their head back to swallow a tablet and slightly forward to swallow a capsule.
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What must be included in a primary health care provider's medication order? Select all that apply.
- A. Client's name
- B. Drug name
- C. Dosage form
- D. Route of administration
- E. Frequency of administration
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E
Rationale: A primary health care provider's order must include the client's name, the drug name, the dosage form and route, the dosage to be administered, and the frequency of administration.
What action is most appropriate when administering a transdermal drug?
- A. Apply next dose to a new site
- B. Check the infusion rate
- C. Inject only the inner part of the forearm
- D. Give small volumes of doses
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An important nursing intervention when administrating drugs through the transdermal route is to apply the next dose to a new site. It is important to check the infusion rate every 15 to 30 minutes in patients using infusion controllers or infusion pumps. When using the intradermal route, the inner part of the forearm should be used as the injection site and small volumes of doses should be administered.
What are examples of topical drugs? Select all that apply.
- A. Eyedrops
- B. Suppository
- C. Nebulized bronchodilator
- D. Nicotine patch
- E. Capsule
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: Topical drugs are drugs that are applied to the outer layer of the skin but not absorbed through the skin, such as eyedrops and suppositories. A nebulized bronchodilator is an inhaled medication. A nicotine patch delivers the medication transdermally; that is, it is readily absorbed from the skin. A capsule is a form of oral medication.
What is most important for the nurse to do before giving a drug for the first time?
- A. Obtain the patient's allergy history
- B. Obtain information about the drug
- C. Inquire if the patient has any objections to syringes
- D. Discuss the dosage with other nurses
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Before giving any drug for the first time, the nurse should ask the patient about any known allergies as well as any family history of allergies. The nurse need not particularly obtain information about the drug as it has been prescribed by the physician, but needs to be aware of the adverse effects it may cause. There is also no need to discuss the dosage with other nurses or to find out if the client has any objections to syringes. However, the nurse should help allay the patient's fears by reassuring him or her about the administration.
What is the most appropriate response when a patient says, 'This doesn't look like my usual pill'?
- A. This is the same pill your doctor has been ordering.'
- B. It must be from a different manufacturer.'
- C. It looks different? Are you sure?'
- D. Let me double check with your doctor and the order.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: If the patient makes any statement about the drug, the nurse needs to hold the drug and investigate the patient's statement, double checking the chart and the order and obtaining clarification and/or confirmation from the prescriber. It may be that the dosage or manufacturer has changed and that is what makes the pill look different. It is always important to err on the side of caution. Telling the patient that the pill is the same or that it is from a different manufacturer may be true, but the nurse needs to confirm that before giving it to the patient. Repeating the patient's statement and then asking him if he is sure is inappropriate because it implies that the patient is incorrect.