Nokea
What is one reason why patients with CHD are more likely to have rejection post-transplant than those with cardiomyopathy?
- A. Sensitized recipients with panel reactive antibody (PRA)
- B. Absence of systemic disease
- C. History of good compliance
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) are often sensitized due to prior surgeries and blood transfusions, leading to a higher risk of rejection post-transplant.
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The following foramina are found in the brain:
- A. Foramen of Monro
- B. Foramen ovale
- C. Foramen of Magendie
- D. Foramen transversalis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Foramen of Monro: The foramen of Monro connects the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle and plays a key role in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Which among the following beta-blockers is not potent than propranolol (considering propranolol = 1)?
- A. Carvedilol
- B. Metoprolol
- C. Bisoprolol
- D. Labetalol
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Labetalol has a lower beta-blocking potency compared to propranolol, especially considering it also has alpha-blocking activity.
Blueberry muffin' lesions seen in rubella is due to
- A. Dermal erythropoiesis
- B. Thrombocytopenia
- C. Ecchymosis
- D. Vasculitis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Blueberry muffin' lesions in congenital rubella are due to dermal erythropoiesis, where extramedullary hematopoiesis occurs in the skin.
Complement system:
- A. Is activated by bacterial endotoxins by the classical pathway
- B. Reduced C3 and C4 are usual findings in acute glomerulonephritis
- C. Hereditary angioneurotic oedema is caused by deficiency of one of the components of the classical pathway of the system
- D. Is part of humoral immunity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The complement system is a key component of humoral immunity, playing a role in the immune response to pathogens.
A child with rheumatic fever is being admitted to the pediatric floor. On admission assessment, the nurse should ask the parents which question to elicit assessment information specific to the development of rheumatic fever?
- A. “Has your child complained of back pain?â€
- B. “Has your child complained of headaches?â€
- C. “Has your child had any nausea or vomiting?â€
- D. “Did your child have a sore throat or fever within the last 2 months?â€
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A history of sore throat or fever within the last 2 months is significant as rheumatic fever often follows a streptococcal infection such as strep throat.