Nokea
What is the aim of Integrated Management of neonatal and Childhood Illnesses?
- A. Improved case management
- B. Improved family and community practices
- C. None of the above
- D. A & B
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The aim of the Integrated Management of neonatal and Childhood Illnesses is to enhance both case management and family and community practices. By improving case management, healthcare providers can ensure appropriate treatment and care, leading to better outcomes for neonates and children. Enhancing family and community practices can contribute to the prevention, early detection, and overall well-being of children. Choice A is incorrect as the aim is not solely focused on improved case management. Choice B is incorrect as the aim goes beyond just improving family and community practices. Choice C is incorrect as the correct aim involves both improved case management and family/community practices, making choice D the most comprehensive and accurate answer.
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What is a non-pharmacological management option for measles?
- A. Tepid sponging
- B. Oral hygiene
- C. Eye care
- D. N/A
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tepid sponging is a non-pharmacological management option for measles. It helps reduce fever and discomfort by using lukewarm water to gently sponge the body. This method is commonly used to alleviate symptoms associated with measles. Oral hygiene and eye care are important for overall health but do not directly manage measles symptoms like tepid sponging does. Choice D, N/A, is incorrect as there are non-pharmacological management options available for measles.
Which type of diabetes mellitus (DM) is most likely the result of heterogeneous risk factors, making it preventable?
- A. Type 1
- B. Type 2
- C. Type 1 and 2
- D. Gestational diabetes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is most likely the result of heterogeneous risk factors, such as lifestyle choices and genetics, making it preventable. Type 1 diabetes, on the other hand, is an autoimmune condition that is not preventable. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy and is not entirely preventable. Type 1 and 2 diabetes are distinct conditions, with Type 2 being the type associated with preventable risk factors.
What should the nurse include in the insulin administration instruction for the parents of a child being discharged on insulin?
- A. Insert the needle and aspirate before injecting
- B. Inject insulin into the extremity to be exercised to improve absorption
- C. The muscles in the abdomen and thigh are the easiest for self-administration
- D. Clean the injection site with soap and water and avoid alcohol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the muscles in the abdomen and thigh are the most suitable areas for self-administration of insulin due to consistent absorption. Choices A and B are incorrect as aspirating before injecting insulin is unnecessary, and injecting into an extremity to be exercised does not enhance absorption. Choice D is incorrect as alcohol should be used to clean the injection site instead of soap and water, which can cause skin irritation.
In counseling the parents of a child with hypopituitarism, Nurse Gyimah is asked about their child's condition. Which of the following phrases, if stated by the nurse, best describes the condition?
- A. Linear growth retardation with skeletal proportions normal for chronologic age
- B. A complete normal growth pattern, but with the onset of precocious puberty
- C. Normal growth for the first five years, followed by progressive linear growth retardation
- D. Growth retardation in which height and weight are equally affected
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypopituitarism is characterized by linear growth retardation with skeletal proportions normal for chronologic age. This means that although the child experiences growth retardation, their skeletal proportions are appropriate for their age, which distinguishes it from other conditions like precocious puberty or equal height and weight affectation. Choice B is incorrect as hypopituitarism does not involve precocious puberty. Choice C is wrong as it describes a different growth pattern not typical of hypopituitarism. Choice D is also incorrect as in hypopituitarism, height and weight are not equally affected, rather the focus is on linear growth retardation with normal skeletal proportions.
Beta-adrenergic agonists such as Salbutamol are given to Reggie, a child with asthma. Such drugs are administered primarily to do which of the following?
- A. Dilate the bronchioles
- B. Reduce secondary infections
- C. Decrease postnasal drip
- D. Reduce airway inflammation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Beta-adrenergic agonists like Salbutamol are used to dilate the bronchioles in asthma patients. This action helps in relieving bronchospasms and improving airflow to the lungs, making breathing easier for the individual. While reducing inflammation is an essential part of asthma management, beta-adrenergic agonists primarily work by relaxing the smooth muscles around the airways, leading to bronchodilation. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because beta-adrenergic agonists are not primarily used to reduce secondary infections, decrease postnasal drip, or directly reduce airway inflammation in asthma patients.