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What is the basis of MyPlate food guidance?
- A. Percentage of calories from each macronutrient.
- B. Exchange Lists for Meal Planning.
- C. Appropriate amounts of food from each food group.
- D. Amounts of macronutrients and micronutrients.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Appropriate amounts of food from each food group.' MyPlate food guidance focuses on portion sizes from different food groups to promote a balanced diet. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because MyPlate emphasizes the consumption of a variety of foods from different food groups rather than focusing solely on macronutrient percentages, exchange lists, or specific nutrient amounts.
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Which of the following are considered micronutrients?
- A. Fats.
- B. Proteins.
- C. Vitamins.
- D. Carbohydrates.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Micronutrients are essential nutrients needed by the body in small quantities to support various bodily functions. Vitamins fall under this category as they play crucial roles in metabolism, immune function, and overall health. While fats, proteins, and carbohydrates are essential macronutrients required in larger amounts for energy and growth, they are not classified as micronutrients. Therefore, the correct answer is C.
What is the primary function of carbohydrates as a food source?
- A. Regulate metabolic processes.
- B. Build body tissue.
- C. Supply energy.
- D. Provide bulk.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary function of carbohydrates as a food source is to supply energy. Carbohydrates are the body's main source of energy, providing fuel for various physiological functions. Choice A is incorrect because carbohydrates do not primarily regulate metabolic processes; that role is mainly attributed to enzymes and hormones. Choice B is incorrect because proteins are primarily responsible for building body tissue. Choice D is incorrect because fiber, not all carbohydrates, provides bulk in the diet.
It has been generally accepted that the percentage of total daily calories supplied by fats should be no more than:
- A. 10% to 15%.
- B. 10% to 35%.
- C. 20% to 35%.
- D. 40% to 55%.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The recommended fat intake is between 20% to 35% of total daily calories. This range is considered optimal for maintaining a healthy diet. Choice A (10% to 15%) is too low and might not provide enough essential fats for the body. Choice B (10% to 35%) includes an upper limit that exceeds the generally accepted range. Choice D (40% to 55%) suggests a fat intake that is higher than what is recommended, which could lead to health issues if consumed regularly.
Nutrients interact in the body to regulate metabolic processes, build and repair tissue, and to:
- A. provide energy.
- B. control cellular wastes.
- C. control hormone levels.
- D. regulate absorption.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: provide energy. Nutrients play a crucial role in providing energy for the body's various functions. While they do help in regulating metabolic processes and in building and repairing tissue, the primary function related to energy production. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as nutrients are not primarily responsible for controlling cellular wastes, hormone levels, or absorption.
In addition to protein, which nutrients contribute to the building and repair of tissue?
- A. Vitamins
- B. Carbohydrates
- C. Fats
- D. Enzymes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vitamins. Vitamins play a crucial role in tissue building and repair along with protein. Carbohydrates (choice B) are primarily a source of energy and not directly involved in tissue building. Fats (choice C) are important for energy storage and insulation but are not the main contributors to tissue building. Enzymes (choice D) are biological catalysts and do not directly contribute to tissue building and repair.