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What is the BEST urine sample to be used for an accurate result of pregnancy test done at home?
- A. First-voided evening urine
- B. First-voided morning urine
- C. Mid-afternoon urine sample
- D. Random urine sample
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: First-voided morning urine is the best urine sample to be used for an accurate result of a pregnancy test done at home because it is more concentrated compared to urine samples collected at other times of the day. Overnight, the hCG hormone (human chorionic gonadotropin) builds up in a woman's body, making the early morning urine more likely to contain higher levels of hCG if a woman is pregnant. The concentrated nature of first-morning urine reduces the chances of false-negative results since it provides a higher concentration of the hormone that the test is designed to detect. Therefore, using first-morning urine increases the sensitivity of the pregnancy test and improves the accuracy of the results.
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The universal health law focuses on the population. If a pregnant woman has been found and diagnosed to have preeclampsia, the focus of health care is on the ________.
- A. Population group
- B. Community
- C. Individual
- D. Family
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When a pregnant woman is diagnosed with preeclampsia, the focus of health care shifts to the individual woman herself. Preeclampsia is a serious condition that affects the health of the pregnant woman and her unborn child. The healthcare team will prioritize the care and treatment of the woman to ensure her well-being and safety. In this scenario, the emphasis is on providing personalized and targeted care to address the needs of the individual patient, rather than a broader focus on population groups, communities, or families.
Transcription of doctor's order is a nurse's responsibility to put the order into action. Which of the following principles of medication safety is NOT considered to belong to transcription error?
- A. Illegible handwriting of the physician.
- B. Misinterpretation of the directions ordered.
- C. Use of unapproved abbreviation in the chart.
- D. Wrong route of medication administration.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Transcription errors are typically associated with issues such as illegible handwriting, misinterpretation of directions, and the use of unapproved abbreviations. However, the wrong route of medication administration is not specifically related to transcription errors but rather falls under the category of medication administration errors. Administering medication via the wrong route can lead to serious consequences for the patient and is a separate issue from the act of transcribing doctor's orders.
What response should the nurse use in dealing with this behavior?
- A. Encourage her to scrub the doorknobs with a strong antiseptic so she does not need to use tissue papers.
- B. Supply her with paper tissue to help her function until her anxiety is reduced .
- C. Force her to touch doorknobs by removing all available paper tissue until she learns to deal with the situation.
- D. Explain to her that ideas about doorknobs with covid 19 are part of the i1lness and is not necessary.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Supplying the patient with paper tissues to use when touching doorknobs is the most appropriate response in this situation. This action acknowledges and respects the patient's anxiety while providing a practical solution to help her cope. Forcing her to touch doorknobs or discouraging her concerns would not address the underlying anxiety and may lead to increased distress. Encouraging her to scrub doorknobs with a strong antiseptic is not necessary and may exacerbate her anxiety. Explaining that her concerns are part of her illness may invalidate her feelings and is not a constructive way to address the situation. Supplying her with paper tissues allows her to feel more comfortable while still being able to navigate her daily activities.
A patient receiving palliative care for end-stage liver disease experiences severe pruritus. What intervention should the palliative nurse prioritize to address the patient's symptoms?
- A. Administer antihistamine medications for itch relief.
- B. Recommend topical corticosteroid creams to alleviate itching.
- C. Encourage the patient to avoid hot showers or baths to prevent exacerbation of pruritus.
- D. Prescribe cholestyramine or other bile acid sequestrants for pruritus management.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In end-stage liver disease, pruritus (itching) can be a distressing symptom caused by the accumulation of bile salts in the skin due to impaired liver function. Cholestyramine and other bile acid sequestrants are the primary treatment for managing pruritus in these patients. These medications bind to the bile salts in the intestine, preventing their reabsorption and reducing the itching symptoms. Antihistamines may not be as effective for this type of pruritus since it is not histamine-mediated. Topical corticosteroids are generally not recommended for long-term use in liver disease due to the risk of systemic absorption and adverse effects. Avoiding hot showers or baths may provide some temporary relief but is not a definitive treatment. Therefore, prioritizing the prescription of cholestyramine or bile acid sequestrants would be the most appropriate intervention to address the severe pruritus in a patient with end-stage liver disease
Which of the following interventions is recommended for managing a patient with a suspected opioid overdose?
- A. Administering naloxone intravenously.
- B. Providing respiratory support with bag-valve-mask ventilation.
- C. Encouraging the patient to drink fluids rapidly.
- D. Administering benzodiazepines for sedation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Naloxone is a medication used to reverse the effects of an opioid overdose by binding to opioid receptors and displacing the opioids. Administering naloxone intravenously is the recommended intervention for managing a patient with a suspected opioid overdose as it can quickly reverse respiratory depression, sedation, and other effects of opioids. This intervention can be life-saving in cases of opioid overdose and is a critical step in the management of such patients. Providing respiratory support with bag-valve-mask ventilation may be necessary in addition to naloxone administration to ensure adequate oxygenation, but naloxone remains the primary intervention to reverse the effects of opioids. Encouraging the patient to drink fluids rapidly or administering benzodiazepines for sedation are not recommended interventions for managing a suspected opioid overdose.