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What is the BEST urine sample to be used for an accurate result of pregnancy test done at home?
- A. First-voided evening urine
- B. First-voided morning urine
- C. Mid-afternoon urine sample
- D. Random urine sample
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: First-voided morning urine is the best urine sample to be used for an accurate result of a pregnancy test done at home because it is more concentrated compared to urine samples collected at other times of the day. Overnight, the hCG hormone (human chorionic gonadotropin) builds up in a woman's body, making the early morning urine more likely to contain higher levels of hCG if a woman is pregnant. The concentrated nature of first-morning urine reduces the chances of false-negative results since it provides a higher concentration of the hormone that the test is designed to detect. Therefore, using first-morning urine increases the sensitivity of the pregnancy test and improves the accuracy of the results.
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A patient presents with recurrent episodes of epistaxis, particularly after blowing the nose or during dry weather. Anterior rhinoscopy reveals a friable, vascular lesion in Little's area. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate for managing this condition?
- A. Nasal packing with anterior nasal tampons
- B. Application of silver nitrate cautery
- C. Endoscopic cauterization of the sphenopalatine artery
- D. Surgical excision of the nasal polyp
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The clinical scenario described is consistent with a diagnosis of anterior epistaxis due to a prominent vascular lesion located in Little's area, which is an important site for nosebleeds. Silver nitrate cautery is the most appropriate intervention for managing this condition. Silver nitrate cautery is a commonly used method to chemically cauterize and eliminate the friable blood vessels responsible for recurrent epistaxis. It is a cost-effective and minimally invasive technique that can be easily performed in an outpatient setting. Nasal packing with anterior nasal tampons might be considered in cases of severe or refractory epistaxis, but in this scenario, where the source of bleeding is localized and identifiable, silver nitrate cautery is the treatment of choice. Endoscopic cauterization of the sphenopalatine artery and surgical excision of a nasal polyp are unnecessary and overly invasive for the described scenario.
A postpartum client complains of perineal pain and discomfort. What nursing intervention should be prioritized to provide relief?
- A. Encouraging ambulation
- B. Administering ice packs to the perineum
- C. Providing oral analgesics as needed
- D. Recommending warm sitz baths
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Administering ice packs to the perineum is the priority nursing intervention to provide relief for perineal pain and discomfort in a postpartum client. Ice packs help to reduce swelling and inflammation in the perineal area, which can help alleviate pain. It is a safe and effective method to provide immediate relief and promote comfort for the client. Other interventions such as encouraging ambulation, administering analgesics, and recommending warm sitz baths can also be beneficial, but in the initial management of perineal pain, ice packs are the most appropriate choice.
Which of the following conditions is characterized by an imbalance between bone resorption and formation, resulting in bone thinning and increased risk of fractures?
- A. Osteoarthritis
- B. Osteomyelitis
- C. Osteoporosis
- D. Osteomalacia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by an imbalance between bone resorption (breakdown of bone tissue) and bone formation, leading to bone thinning and increased risk of fractures. In osteoporosis, bones become weak and porous, making them more prone to fractures even with minor trauma. This condition is common in postmenopausal women and older individuals. Risk factors for osteoporosis include age, gender, family history, lack of physical activity, low calcium and vitamin D intake, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and certain medications. Treatment typically involves lifestyle modifications, including adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, weight-bearing exercises, and sometimes medication to help slow down bone loss and reduce fracture risk. Early detection and management of osteoporosis are crucial to prevent fractures and maintain bone health.
In case of poisoning, the nurse is aware that the main goals in poisoning are to ________. I. inactivate the poison II. administer the specific antidote III. induce the patient to vomit IV. support vital organ functions
- A. I, II, and IV
- B. I, II, and IV
- C. I, II, and III
- D. II, III, and IV
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In cases of poisoning, the main goals are to inactivate the poison to prevent further harm, administer the specific antidote if available to counteract the effects of the poison, and support vital organ functions to help the patient recover. Inducing the patient to vomit (III) is not always recommended as it can potentially cause more harm, especially if the ingested substance is corrosive. Therefore, the most appropriate goals in poisoning are to inactivate the poison, administer the specific antidote, and support vital organ functions.
The nurse asks the patient, "What do you fear MOST about your surgery tomorrow?" This is an example of which communication technique?
- A. Providing general leads
- B. Seeking clarification
- C. Summarizing
- D. Presenting reality
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the nurse is asking the patient to elaborate on their feelings and thoughts related to the upcoming surgery. By asking, "What do you fear MOST about your surgery tomorrow?" the nurse is seeking clarification to better understand the patient's concerns and enable effective communication. Seeking clarification involves asking open-ended questions that encourage the patient to express themselves more fully, allowing the healthcare provider to address their specific worries or needs more effectively.