Nokea
What is the branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders called?
- A. Industrial psychology.
- B. Social psychology.
- C. Developmental psychology.
- D. Clinical psychology.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Clinical psychology. Clinical psychology specifically deals with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders. Industrial psychology (choice A) focuses on behavior in the workplace, social psychology (choice B) studies how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others, and developmental psychology (choice C) is the study of how and why people change over time.
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Who took the position that organisms tend to repeat responses that lead to positive outcomes and tend not to repeat responses that lead to neutral or negative outcomes?
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. B.F. Skinner
- C. Carl Rogers
- D. Abraham Maslow
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B.F. Skinner. Skinner proposed the theory of operant conditioning, where behavior is shaped by its consequences. Positive outcomes increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated, while neutral or negative outcomes decrease it. Sigmund Freud (choice A) is known for his psychoanalytic theory, Carl Rogers (choice C) for person-centered therapy, and Abraham Maslow (choice D) for the hierarchy of needs.
Who founded functionalism?
- A. John Watson.
- B. Sigmund Freud.
- C. William James.
- D. Wilhelm Wundt.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: William James is credited with founding functionalism, which emphasizes the adaptive purpose of consciousness. John Watson is associated with behaviorism, not functionalism. Sigmund Freud is known for psychoanalysis, and Wilhelm Wundt is considered the founder of modern psychology and structuralism, not functionalism.
Which of the following statements is least likely to be made by a humanist?
- A. Humans are unique.
- B. The behavior of humans tends to be influenced by environmental circumstances.
- C. Humans have a basic need to fulfill their potentials.
- D. Research on animals has little relevance to understanding human behavior.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The corrected question assesses the least likely statement made by a humanist. Choice B, 'The behavior of humans tends to be influenced by environmental circumstances,' is least likely to be made by a humanist. Humanists believe that human behavior is not simply dictated by environmental circumstances but is influenced by a combination of factors, including personal experiences, emotions, and conscious decisions. Choices A, C, and D are more aligned with humanist perspectives. Choice A acknowledges the uniqueness of humans, which is a common theme in humanistic psychology. Choice C reflects the humanistic belief that individuals strive to reach their full potential and self-actualization. Choice D contrasts with humanist views as humanists often consider research on animals to be relevant in understanding human behavior due to shared basic psychological processes.
Behaviors that deviate from the norm are?
- A. Always seen as a disorder if they violate social norms
- B. Considered a disorder regardless of culture
- C. Typically seen as a disorder when they impair functioning
- D. Never considered as a sign of abnormality
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Behaviors that deviate from the norm are typically considered disorders when they impair functioning. Choice A is incorrect because not all behaviors that deviate from the norm are considered disorders; they need to impair functioning. Choice B is incorrect because the cultural context plays a significant role in determining what is considered abnormal. Choice D is incorrect because behaviors that deviate from the norm can indeed be considered signs of abnormality, especially if they impair functioning.
a researcher found that there is a negative relationship between perceived parental perfectionism and life satisfaction. what does this mean?
- A. Respondents who reported higher levels of perceived parental perfectionism are more likely to report higher levels of life satisfaction
- B. Respondents who reported higher levels of perceived parental perfectionism are more likely to report lower levels of life satisfaction
- C. Perceived parental perfectionism causes a decline in life satisfaction
- D. Any of the above is correct
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.