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What is the charge of an alpha particle?
- A. -1
- B. +1
- C. +2
- D. No charge
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An alpha particle consists of two protons and two neutrons, resulting in a total charge of +2 due to the presence of two positively charged protons. Therefore, the correct answer is C, indicating a charge of +2. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because an alpha particle is positively charged due to the two protons it contains, resulting in a charge of +2.
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What is the term used when an atom gains one or more electrons?
- A. Cation
- B. Anion
- C. Isotope
- D. Electron
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When an atom gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged and is called an anion. An anion is formed when an atom gains one or more electrons, leading to an excess of negative charge.
Choice A, 'Cation,' is incorrect because a cation is formed when an atom loses electrons, resulting in a positively charged ion. Choice C, 'Isotope,' refers to atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and is not related to gaining electrons. Choice D, 'Electron,' is the particle that an atom gains to become an anion, not the term for the atom itself after gaining electrons.
What is the correct formula for silver hydroxide?
- A. AgO
- B. AgOH
- C. AgH
- D. AgHâ‚‚O
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct formula for silver hydroxide is AgOH. Silver hydroxide is formed by the combination of the silver ion (Agâº) with the hydroxide ion (OHâ») to create AgOH. It is essential to note that the hydroxide ion consists of one oxygen and one hydrogen atom, thus the formula AgOH. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately represent the composition of silver hydroxide.
How many neutrons does carbon-14 have?
- A. 10
- B. 8
- C. 6
- D. 12
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 8. Carbon-14 is an isotope of carbon with 6 protons and 8 neutrons. To determine the number of neutrons in an atom, subtract the atomic number (number of protons) from the mass number. In this case, the mass number of carbon-14 is 14, and the atomic number of carbon is 6. Therefore, 14 (mass number) - 6 (atomic number) = 8 neutrons. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the correct number of neutrons in a carbon-14 atom.
Which of the following factors would not affect rates of reaction?
- A. Temperature
- B. Surface area
- C. Pressure
- D. Time
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Time would not directly affect rates of reaction. The rate of a chemical reaction is determined by factors that affect the frequency of successful collisions between reactant molecules, leading to a reaction. Temperature, surface area, and pressure can influence reaction rates by impacting the kinetic energy of molecules, the exposed surface for collisions, and the concentration of reactants, respectively. However, time, in the context of this question, does not alter the rate of reaction but may affect the extent of the reaction or the amount of product formed over time.
What is the correct electron configuration for lithium?
- A. 1s²2s¹
- B. 1s²2s²
- C. 1s²2s¹2p¹
- D. 1s¹2s¹2p²
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The electron configuration for lithium is 1s²2s¹. Lithium has 3 electrons, and the configuration indicates that the first two electrons fill the 1s orbital, while the third electron fills the 2s orbital. Therefore, the correct electron configuration for lithium is 1s²2s¹. Choice B (1s²2s²) is incorrect as it represents the electron configuration for beryllium, not lithium. Choice C (1s²2s¹2p¹) includes the 2p orbital, which is not involved in lithium's electron configuration. Choice D (1s¹2s¹2p²) is incorrect as it does not accurately represent lithium's electron configuration.