Nokea
What is the correct formula for sodium nitrate?
- A. NaNO
- B. Na NO
- C. NaNO₃
- D. Na NOâ‚‚
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct formula for sodium nitrate is NaNO₃. In this formula, 'Na' represents sodium, 'N' represents nitrogen, and 'O₃' represents three oxygen atoms. Sodium nitrate consists of one sodium ion (Naâº) and one nitrate ion (NO₃â»), which means the correct formula is NaNO₃. Choice A (NaNO) is incorrect as it lacks the subscript indicating the presence of three oxygen atoms. Choice B (Na NO) is incorrect as it includes a space between 'Na' and 'NO', which is not part of the standard chemical formula notation. Choice D (Na NOâ‚‚) is incorrect as it indicates a different compound with a nitrite ion (NOâ‚‚â») instead of nitrate ion.
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If 5 g of NaCl (1 mole of NaCl) is dissolved in enough water to make 500 L of solution, what is the molarity of the solution?
- A. 1.0 M
- B. 2.0 M
- C. 11.7 M
- D. The answer cannot be determined from the information given.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. In this case, 5 g of NaCl represents 1 mole of NaCl. Given that this 1 mole is dissolved in 500 L of solution, the molarity of the solution can be calculated as follows: Molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution = 1 mole / 500 L = 0.002 M. However, the molarity is usually expressed in moles per liter, so to convert to M, you divide by 0.085 L (which is 500 L in liters) to get 11.7 M. Choice A is incorrect because the molarity is not 1.0 M. Choice B is incorrect because the molarity is not 2.0 M. Choice D is incorrect because the molarity can be determined from the information provided.
What are the products of combustion of a hydrocarbon in excess oxygen?
- A. Carbon dioxide and water
- B. Naphthalene
- C. Chlorine and bromine
- D. Carbonium ions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Carbon dioxide and water. During the combustion of a hydrocarbon in excess oxygen, the hydrocarbon reacts to produce carbon dioxide and water vapor as the final products. This reaction is known as complete combustion, where the hydrocarbon combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because naphthalene is a specific hydrocarbon compound, chlorine and bromine are not typically formed during the combustion of hydrocarbons in excess oxygen, and carbonium ions are not the products of this reaction.
What is the oxidation state of the nitrogen atom in the compound NH3?
- A. -3
- B. -1
- C. +1
- D. +3
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the compound NH3, nitrogen is bonded to three hydrogen atoms. Hydrogen is always assigned an oxidation state of +1. Since the overall charge of NH3 is zero, the oxidation state of nitrogen must be -1 to balance out the hydrogen's +1 oxidation state. Therefore, the correct oxidation state of the nitrogen atom in NH3 is -1. Choice A (-3) is incorrect because it does not account for the electronegativity of hydrogen. Choice C (+1) and Choice D (+3) are incorrect as the nitrogen atom in NH3 needs to balance the +1 oxidation state of each hydrogen atom, resulting in a total of -3 to maintain the compound's charge neutrality.
Which is a triatomic allotrope of oxygen?
- A. Ozone
- B. Water
- C. Acidic oxide
- D. Carbon dioxide
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ozone (O3) is a triatomic allotrope of oxygen. It differs from the common diatomic oxygen molecule (O2) by having three oxygen atoms bonded together. Ozone is known for its protective role in the Earth's atmosphere, absorbing most of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation. Water (H2O) is a compound composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Acidic oxide and carbon dioxide are not triatomic allotropes of oxygen. Carbon dioxide consists of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms, while acidic oxides refer to compounds where oxygen is bonded with other elements to form oxides, and they are not allotropes of oxygen.
Which of these intermolecular forces might represent attraction between atoms of a noble gas?
- A. Dipole-dipole interaction
- B. London dispersion force
- C. Keesom interaction
- D. Hydrogen bonding
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Noble gases are non-polar molecules without a permanent dipole moment. The only intermolecular force applicable to noble gases is the London dispersion force, also known as Van der Waals forces. This force is a temporary attractive force resulting from the formation of temporary dipoles in non-polar molecules. Dipole-dipole interactions, Keesom interactions, and hydrogen bonding involve significant dipoles or hydrogen atoms bonded to electronegative atoms, which do not apply to noble gases.