Nokea
What is the correct intervention for a patient experiencing anaphylaxis?
- A. Administer epinephrine
- B. Provide oxygen
- C. Monitor airway
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In cases of anaphylaxis, all of the listed interventions are crucial for effective management. Administering epinephrine is the primary treatment to reverse the allergic reaction rapidly. Providing oxygen ensures adequate oxygenation to vital organs, and monitoring the airway is essential to prevent obstruction and maintain a clear air passage. Therefore, all three interventions are necessary in managing anaphylaxis. Choices A, B, and C are not individually sufficient to address all aspects of anaphylaxis, making the comprehensive approach of 'All of the above' the correct answer.
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A client undergoing chemotherapy for cancer is being taught about potential adverse effects of the treatment. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will avoid drinking water before meals
- B. I might experience hair loss during treatment
- C. I might experience an increase in appetite
- D. I should expect my appetite to increase
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because hair loss is a common adverse effect of chemotherapy. Options A, C, and D are incorrect. Avoiding drinking water before meals, experiencing an increase in appetite, or expecting appetite to increase are not related to the potential adverse effects of chemotherapy.
What are the key differences between viral and bacterial infections?
- A. Viral infections typically last longer than bacterial infections.
- B. Bacterial infections typically cause high fever.
- C. Both bacterial and viral infections cause rashes.
- D. Viral infections cause sudden onset of symptoms.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Viral infections typically last longer than bacterial infections. This is because viral infections often require the body's immune system to fight off the virus, leading to a longer duration of illness. Bacterial infections, on the other hand, often cause a rapid onset of symptoms due to the toxins produced by bacteria. Choice B is incorrect because not all bacterial infections cause high fever. Choice C is incorrect because rashes can be caused by both bacterial and viral infections, but not always. Choice D is incorrect because while some viral infections may cause a sudden onset of symptoms, it is not a key distinguishing factor between viral and bacterial infections.
What is the proper technique for measuring blood pressure manually?
- A. Use a stethoscope to listen for the Korotkoff sounds
- B. Ensure the patient is seated with the arm supported
- C. Use a manual sphygmomanometer
- D. Deflate the cuff slowly while listening to the heartbeat
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct technique for measuring blood pressure manually involves using a stethoscope to listen for the Korotkoff sounds. Choice B, ensuring the patient is seated with the arm supported, is important but not the specific technique for measuring blood pressure. Choice C, using a manual sphygmomanometer, is a necessary tool but not the technique itself. Choice D, deflating the cuff slowly while listening to the heartbeat, is not the correct technique as the deflation should be done while listening for the Korotkoff sounds to determine the systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings.
A client is learning to use a cane due to left-leg weakness. Which instruction is correct?
- A. Use the cane on the stronger side of the body
- B. Maintain two points of support on the floor at all times
- C. Advance the cane and the strong leg together
- D. Advance the cane 30 to 45 cm with each step
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction when using a cane due to leg weakness is to maintain two points of support on the floor at all times. This provides stability and support while walking. Choice A is incorrect because the cane should be used on the weaker side to provide assistance. Choice C is incorrect as the cane and weak leg should move together for support. Choice D is incorrect as advancing the cane too far with each step may compromise balance and stability.
A nurse is caring for a client who is constipated. What intervention is most appropriate?
- A. Administer a laxative to relieve discomfort
- B. Encourage the client to increase dietary fiber intake
- C. Encourage the client to rest until symptoms resolve
- D. Administer a stool softener as prescribed
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most appropriate intervention for constipation is to encourage the client to increase dietary fiber intake. Fiber helps promote bowel movements and relieve constipation by adding bulk to the stool. Administering a laxative (Choice A) should not be the first-line intervention as it can lead to dependence. Encouraging rest (Choice C) is not directly helpful in relieving constipation. While administering a stool softener (Choice D) can be beneficial, increasing fiber intake is generally preferred as the initial intervention.