Nokea
What is the correct name for aqueous HI?
- A. hydroiodic acid
- B. hydrogen iodide
- C. iodine hydrogen
- D. hydroiodine acid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct name for aqueous HI is hydroiodic acid. In the naming of binary acids, the prefix 'hydro-' is combined with the root of the nonmetal element and the suffix '-ic acid'. Therefore, the correct systematic name for HI in aqueous solution is hydroiodic acid.
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Which of the following elements is an alkali metal?
- A. magnesium
- B. rubidium
- C. hydrogen
- D. chlorine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rubidium is the correct answer because alkali metals are found in Group 1 of the periodic table. Rubidium is located in Group 1 and exhibits properties typical of alkali metals, such as low melting points, high reactivity, and the tendency to form ionic compounds. Magnesium is an alkaline earth metal, hydrogen is a nonmetal, and chlorine is a halogen, so they do not belong to the alkali metal group.
In an experiment, a student tests three unknown fluids with the following measurements: Fluid A: m=2060g, V=2000mL, Fluid B: m=672g, V=850mL, and Fluid C: m=990g, V=1100mL. Arrange the liquids in the correct order of how they would separate in a beaker from bottom to top.
- A. A, B, C
- B. B, C, A
- C. C, A, B
- D. B, A, C
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: To determine the order in which the liquids will separate in a beaker, we must consider their densities, calculated using the formula Density = Mass (m) / Volume (V). The liquid with the higher density will settle at the bottom, while the liquid with the lower density will rise to the top. For the given fluids, Fluid A has a density of 1.03 g/mL (2060 g / 2000 mL), Fluid B has a density of approximately 0.79 g/mL (672 g / 850 mL), and Fluid C has a density of approximately 0.90 g/mL (990 g / 1100 mL). Based on these calculations, the correct order of the fluids from bottom to top, according to increasing density, is Fluid B, Fluid C, and Fluid A.
What are bases or alkaline solutions known as?
- A. Hydrogen acceptors
- B. Solutions of low pH
- C. Hydrogen donors
- D. Amphoteric
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bases or alkaline solutions are substances that can accept protons (H+ ions), making them hydrogen acceptors. When a base reacts with an acid, it accepts a proton to form water, hence neutralizing the acid. This property distinguishes bases from acids, which donate protons (H+ ions). Therefore, the correct answer is that bases or alkaline solutions are known as hydrogen acceptors.
Which type of reaction is exemplified by the chemical equation KClO₃ → KCl + O₂?
- A. Single replacement
- B. Double replacement
- C. Combustion
- D. Decomposition
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The chemical equation KClO₃ → KCl + O₂ represents a decomposition reaction. In a decomposition reaction, a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances. In this case, potassium chlorate (KClO₃) decomposes into potassium chloride (KCl) and oxygen gas (O₂). Therefore, the correct answer is D: Decomposition. This reaction is not a single replacement reaction (where one element replaces another in a compound), a double replacement reaction (where ions in two compounds exchange places), or a combustion reaction (which involves a substance reacting with oxygen to produce heat and light).
What is the building block of proteins?
- A. Lipids
- B. Amino acids
- C. DNA
- D. Cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Amino acids are the fundamental building blocks of proteins. Proteins are large biomolecules made up of one or more chains of amino acids. Each amino acid contains an amine group, a carboxylic acid group, and a side chain specific to each amino acid. When amino acids link together through peptide bonds, they form proteins. Lipids are a different type of biomolecule that includes fats, oils, and phospholipids. DNA is a nucleic acid that carries genetic information but is not directly involved in the structure of proteins. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of living organisms, not the building blocks of proteins.