ati teas 7 science

ati teas 7 science Related

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What is the difference between active and passive immunity?

  • A. Active immunity is short-lived, while passive immunity is long-lasting.
  • B. Active immunity involves the body's own immune response, while passive immunity provides immediate protection through antibodies from another source.
  • C. Active immunity only protects against bacterial infections, while passive immunity works against both bacteria and viruses.
  • D. Passive immunity requires repeated vaccinations, while active immunity is a one-time process.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Active immunity involves the body's own immune response, where the individual's immune system produces antibodies in response to exposure to a pathogen or vaccine. This type of immunity is long-lasting because the immune system 'remembers' the pathogen and can mount a rapid response upon re-exposure. In contrast, passive immunity provides immediate protection through the transfer of pre-formed antibodies from another source, such as through maternal antibodies crossing the placenta or receiving antibodies through an injection. Passive immunity is short-lived because the transferred antibodies eventually degrade and are not produced by the recipient's immune system. Choice A is incorrect because active immunity is generally long-lasting, as it involves the production of antibodies by the individual's immune system. Choice C is incorrect as both active and passive immunity can work against various pathogens, not limited to bacteria or viruses. Choice D is incorrect as passive immunity does not require repeated vaccinations but provides temporary protection through the transfer of antibodies from an external source.

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What is the term for a solution that has exactly the same concentration of solute as another solution?

  • A. Saturated solution
  • B. Unsaturated solution
  • C. Isotonic solution
  • D. Concentrated solution
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: An isotonic solution is a solution that has the same concentration of solute as another solution. When cells are placed in an isotonic solution, there is no net movement of water across the cell membrane, maintaining equilibrium. Choice A, a saturated solution, refers to a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at a given temperature. Choice B, an unsaturated solution, is a solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution under the same conditions. Choice D, a concentrated solution, is a solution with a high amount of solute compared to the solvent.

Which structure in the respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange?

  • A. Trachea
  • B. Alveoli
  • C. Bronchi
  • D. Diaphragm
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The alveoli in the lungs are responsible for gas exchange. Alveoli have a rich blood supply and thin walls, enabling the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Oxygen diffuses into the blood from the alveoli, while carbon dioxide diffuses out. The trachea functions as an air passage, bronchi are the main airways into the lungs, and the diaphragm is the primary muscle involved in breathing by aiding in lung expansion and contraction, but they are not directly responsible for gas exchange like the alveoli.

What phenomenon is responsible for the mirage effect seen in deserts?

  • A. Diffraction
  • B. Refraction
  • C. Interference
  • D. Polarization
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another of different density. In deserts, the temperature gradient causes light to bend, creating the mirage effect where distant objects appear distorted or displaced. Diffraction refers to the bending of light around obstacles or apertures, not the cause of mirages. Interference involves the superposition of two or more waves, which is not the mechanism behind mirages. Polarization refers to the orientation of light waves in a specific plane and is not responsible for the mirage effect in deserts. Therefore, the correct answer is refraction.

How many pairs of chromosomes are in a human cell?

  • A. 46
  • B. 23
  • C. 64
  • D. 32
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 23. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46 chromosomes. Each pair consists of one chromosome inherited from the mother and one from the father, making a total of 46 chromosomes in a human cell. Choice A (46) is incorrect as it represents the total number of chromosomes, not pairs. Choice C (64) and D (32) are incorrect as they do not reflect the accurate number of chromosome pairs in a human cell.

What is the breakdown product of creatine phosphate, an energy source used for short bursts of muscle activity?

  • A. Glucose
  • B. Lactic acid
  • C. Carbon dioxide
  • D. Creatine
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Creatine phosphate is utilized as an immediate energy source for short bursts of muscle activity. When it breaks down, it yields lactic acid as a byproduct. Lactic acid accumulation during intense exercise can lead to muscle fatigue and soreness. Therefore, the correct answer is lactic acid. The other choices are incorrect: Glucose is a different energy source derived from carbohydrates; Carbon dioxide is a waste product of cellular respiration, not specifically from creatine phosphate breakdown; Creatine is the precursor compound to creatine phosphate and is not the breakdown product.

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