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What is the difference between mediation and binding arbitration based on the statement provided?
- A. Mediation is sanctioned by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) to formally discuss concerns with management and labor
- B. Mediation uses a trained person to facilitate negotiations without making a final decision
- C. Binding arbitration is a formal process where an arbitrator's decision is final and must be adhered to by both parties
- D. Binding arbitration requires both labor and management to engage in discussions to find the least harmful resolution
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because binding arbitration involves a formal process where an arbitrator's decision is final and binding on both parties. This means that both labor and management must adhere to the arbitrator's decision, making it a legally enforceable resolution.
Choice A is incorrect because mediation is not necessarily sanctioned by the NLRB; it is a voluntary process where a neutral mediator helps parties reach a mutually acceptable agreement.
Choice B is incorrect because mediation does not involve a final decision-maker; it focuses on facilitating negotiations and helping parties communicate and reach a resolution on their own terms.
Choice D is incorrect because binding arbitration does not require both parties to engage in discussions to find a resolution; instead, it involves the arbitrator making a final decision that both parties must accept.
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What is a major source of stress on the current U.S. healthcare system?
- A. Rising cost of providing healthcare to all citizens
- B. Lack of adequate education for healthcare professionals
- C. Inadequate number of hospital beds across the country
- D. Increasing cost of malpractice insurance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The increasing cost of providing healthcare to all citizens is a major source of stress on the current U.S. healthcare system. This rise in costs impacts various aspects of the system, including accessibility, quality of care, and financial sustainability. It affects healthcare providers, patients, insurance companies, and the government, making it a critical issue that needs to be addressed to ensure a more efficient and effective healthcare system. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because although lack of education for healthcare professionals, inadequate number of hospital beds, and increasing malpractice insurance costs can be challenges within the healthcare system, they are not the primary source of stress that affects the system as a whole.
The healthcare provider responds to an alarm on a pulse oximeter and sees that the patient's oxygen saturation is reading 38%. The provider observes the patient, noting a respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute, pink mucous membranes, and easy regular respirations. The healthcare provider concludes that the pulse oximeter is not reading accurately. Whose theory of healthcare is this provider demonstrating?
- A. Annie Goodrich
- B. Lillian D. Wald
- C. Florence Nightingale
- D. Linda Richards
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Florence Nightingale. Florence Nightingale is known for her emphasis on evidence-based practice and data-driven decision-making in healthcare. In this scenario, the healthcare provider is using critical thinking skills to assess the patient's overall clinical presentation, which includes normal vital signs and signs of adequate oxygenation despite the pulse oximeter reading of 38%. This aligns with Nightingale's principles of prioritizing direct observation and clinical judgment over technology.
Incorrect answers:
A: Annie Goodrich - Goodrich was a nursing educator and leader in nursing education, but not specifically known for emphasizing clinical assessment over technology.
B: Lillian D. Wald - Wald was a public health nurse and social reformer, not specifically associated with direct patient care assessment.
D: Linda Richards - Richards was the first professionally trained American nurse, but not specifically known for her approach to clinical assessment in this context.
While supervising the care of several clients, which action requires intervention by the charge nurse?
- A. A nurse photocopies a client's diagnostic test results.
- B. An assistive personnel documents the client's vital signs on the client's paper-based graphic record.
- C. The unit secretary faxes a client's laboratory results to the provider.
- D. An RN stays with a client to discuss her understanding of her vital signs that were requested.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because photocopying a client's diagnostic test results without proper authorization violates the client's privacy and confidentiality. It is a breach of HIPAA regulations.
- Choice B is correct as assistive personnel can document vital signs on the client's record under supervision.
- Choice C is acceptable as long as the unit secretary is authorized to fax the client's results.
- Choice D is appropriate as it involves educating the client about her vital signs, promoting client understanding and autonomy.
Which professional organization was the first to focus on licensed practical nurses (LPNs)?
- A. National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Services (NAPNES)
- B. National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses (NFLPN)
- C. National League for Nursing (NLN)
- D. American Nurses Association (ANA)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Services (NAPNES). NAPNES was the first organization to focus specifically on licensed practical nurses (LPNs) when it was established in 1941. This organization was founded with the primary goal of promoting and supporting practical nursing education and services. The other choices are incorrect because: B (NFLPN) primarily focuses on advocating for LPNs but was not the first organization; C (NLN) focuses on nursing education in general, not specifically on LPNs; and D (ANA) is a broader organization representing all nurses, not solely LPNs. Therefore, based on the historical context and focus of the organization, A is the correct answer.
A healthcare provider is caring for a patient who is to receive an antibiotic drug that causes severe skin damage when infiltrated. The order reads 'Infuse over one hour by port-a-cath.' When the healthcare provider assesses the personal digital assistant that lists the steps to access a port-a-cath, which type of computer software is being used?
- A. Data management
- B. Electronic health records
- C. Point-of-care technology
- D. Telehealth
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Point-of-care technology. Point-of-care technology is used at the bedside to access information quickly for immediate patient care, such as procedures like accessing a port-a-cath. In this scenario, the healthcare provider is using a personal digital assistant to follow steps for accessing the port-a-cath, which is a point-of-care technology.
A: Data management software focuses on organizing and storing data, not specifically on accessing information at the bedside.
B: Electronic health records (EHR) are used for documenting patient information and medical history, not for accessing procedural steps in real-time at the bedside.
D: Telehealth involves using technology for remote healthcare services, not for accessing procedural information at the bedside.
In summary, the other choices are incorrect because they do not directly relate to accessing information at the bedside for immediate patient care, unlike point-of-care technology.