Nokea
What is the final stage of both mitosis and meiosis?
- A. Interphase
- B. Telophase
- C. Cytokinesis
- D. G1 phase
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: - Interphase (option A) is not the final stage of mitosis or meiosis; it is the phase before cell division where the cell prepares for division by growing and replicating its DNA.
- Telophase (option B) is the final stage of both mitosis and meiosis. During telophase, the separated chromosomes reach opposite poles of the cell, the nuclear membrane reforms around each set of chromosomes, and the chromosomes begin to decondense.
- Cytokinesis (option C) is the process of dividing the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells. While it occurs after telophase, it is not considered the final stage of mitosis or meiosis.
- G1 phase (option D) is the first gap phase in the cell cycle, occurring before DNA replication. It is not the final stage of mitosis or meiosis.
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Which of the following best describes a chemical change?
- A. Melting ice to form water
- B. Dissolving sugar in water
- C. Burning wood to produce ash
- D. Crushing a can to reduce its size
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A chemical change involves a chemical reaction where new substances are formed. Burning wood to produce ash is an example of a chemical change because the wood undergoes a chemical reaction to form a new substance (ash). In this process, the chemical composition of wood changes to produce ash, which is a new substance. On the other hand, melting ice to form water, dissolving sugar in water, and crushing a can to reduce its size are examples of physical changes. In these instances, the substances may change their physical state or appearance but do not undergo a chemical reaction to form new substances. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer as it represents a chemical change, while choices A, B, and D represent physical changes.
How does an increase in surface area affect the force of friction between two surfaces?
- A. Increases friction
- B. Decreases friction
- C. Has no effect on friction
- D. Causes unpredictable changes in friction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An increase in surface area typically increases the force of friction between two surfaces. This is because with a larger surface area in contact, there are more points of contact between the surfaces, leading to a greater frictional force resisting motion. As a result, the correct answer is that an increase in surface area increases the force of friction between two surfaces. Choice B is incorrect because a greater surface area increases the frictional force. Choice C is incorrect because an increase in surface area results in more contact points and greater friction. Choice D is incorrect as the relationship between surface area and friction is predictable - an increase in surface area generally leads to an increase in frictional force.
When is work done by a force on an object?
- A. Only when the object moves in the direction of the force
- B. Only when the object moves against the force
- C. Only when the object moves vertically
- D. Only when the force is applied for a specific duration
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Work is done by a force on an object when the object moves in the direction of the force. This is because work is defined as the product of the force applied to an object and the distance over which the force is applied. When the object moves in the direction of the force, the force contributes to the displacement of the object, resulting in work being done. If the object moves perpendicular to the force, no work is done because the force does not contribute to the displacement. Moving against the force also results in work being done as the force is causing the displacement. The vertical movement of the object does not determine whether work is done; it is the alignment of the force with the object's displacement that matters. The duration of force application does not impact whether work is done; as long as the force causes the object to move in its direction, work is being done.
What is the process of combining two or more substances to form a heterogeneous mixture called?
- A. Dissolving
- B. Diluting
- C. Mixing
- D. Reacting
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Mixing.' When substances are combined, a heterogeneous mixture is formed where the components are physically distinguishable. 'Dissolving' (Choice A) is the process of a solute becoming uniformly dispersed in a solvent to form a solution, not a heterogeneous mixture. 'Diluting' (Choice B) refers to reducing the concentration of a solute in a solution. 'Reacting' (Choice D) involves a chemical change where substances interact to form new products, rather than just physically mixing to form a heterogeneous mixture.
What is the significance of the nuclear envelope breaking down during mitosis?
- A. It allows the chromosomes to condense and become visible.
- B. It allows the spindle apparatus to form and attach to the chromosomes.
- C. It allows the sister chromatids to separate.
- D. It allows the nuclear material to be evenly distributed to the daughter cells.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A) The breakdown of the nuclear envelope does not directly cause the chromosomes to condense and become visible. Chromosome condensation is a separate process that occurs before mitosis begins.
B) The breakdown of the nuclear envelope is crucial for the formation of the spindle apparatus, a structure made of microtubules that helps separate the chromosomes during cell division. The spindle apparatus attaches to the chromosomes and helps move them to opposite poles of the cell.
C) The separation of sister chromatids occurs during anaphase, which is facilitated by the spindle apparatus. The breakdown of the nuclear envelope is not directly involved in this process.
D) The even distribution of nuclear material to daughter cells is achieved through the movement of chromosomes by the spindle apparatus, which is made possible by the breakdown of the nuclear envelope.