HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Exam

HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Exam Related

Review HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Exam related questions and content

What is the first step in pulmonary circulation?

  • A. Blood moves toward the heart through the pulmonary veins.
  • B. The pulmonary artery carries blood from the heart to the lungs.
  • C. Carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen.
  • D. Oxygenated blood moves through the aorta.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The pulmonary artery carries blood from the heart to the lungs. The first step in pulmonary circulation involves the right ventricle of the heart pumping deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary artery. The pulmonary artery then carries this deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. This step is crucial for the exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen to occur in the lungs, facilitating the oxygenation of blood. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not represent the initial step in pulmonary circulation. Option A refers to blood moving away from the heart, option C describes the gas exchange process that occurs in the lungs but not as the first step, and option D mentions oxygenated blood moving through the aorta, which happens after oxygenation in the lungs.

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When are gallstones most problematic?

  • A. When they block a duct
  • B. When they contain cholesterol
  • C. When they contain bilirubin
  • D. When they begin to dissolve
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Gallstones become most problematic when they block a duct, such as the bile duct or cystic duct. This blockage can lead to various complications, including inflammation, infection, and even damage to the gallbladder or liver. In severe cases, a blocked duct can cause intense pain, jaundice, and other serious symptoms that require medical intervention. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the presence of cholesterol or bilirubin in gallstones or the process of dissolution do not necessarily indicate when gallstones become most problematic. The critical issue arises when the stones obstruct a duct, leading to complications.

Which is a posterior feature of the human leg?

  • A. Patella
  • B. Quadriceps sartorius
  • C. Triceps brachii
  • D. Achilles tendon
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is the Achilles tendon. The Achilles tendon is a strong tendon located at the back of the human leg, connecting the calf muscles to the heel bone. This positioning makes it a posterior feature, situated at the rear of the leg. The patella, also known as the kneecap, is positioned at the front of the leg, making it an anterior feature. The quadriceps sartorius are muscles located in the front of the thigh, not at the back of the leg. Additionally, the triceps brachii is a muscle found in the upper arm, not in the leg, making it an incorrect choice.

Where is a gallstone most likely to cause pain?

  • A. In the upper right quadrant of the abdomen
  • B. In the lower right quadrant of the abdomen
  • C. In the umbilical region
  • D. Along the pelvic girdle
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A gallstone is most likely to cause pain in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen. This specific area corresponds to the location of the gallbladder. When a gallstone blocks the flow of bile from the gallbladder, it can lead to inflammation and pain in this region. The pain may also radiate to the back or right shoulder blade due to referred pain patterns associated with gallbladder issues. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because gallstone pain is typically felt in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen, not the lower right quadrant, umbilical region, or along the pelvic girdle.

The shoulder is _________ to the elbow.

  • A. posterior
  • B. proximal
  • C. distal
  • D. medial
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Proximal refers to a position closer to the point of attachment or origin. In this case, the shoulder is closer to the point of attachment to the body compared to the elbow, making it proximal to the elbow. 'Posterior' refers to the back side of the body, 'distal' means farther away from the point of attachment, and 'medial' refers to the middle of the body. These terms do not accurately describe the relationship between the shoulder and the elbow in this context.

Which lobe of the brain controls speech production?

  • A. Frontal lobe
  • B. Parietal lobe
  • C. Temporal lobe
  • D. Occipital lobe
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The frontal lobe of the brain, specifically the left hemisphere in an area known as Broca's area, is responsible for controlling speech production. This region plays a vital role in speech formation and language expression. Damage to the frontal lobe, particularly Broca's area, can lead to language difficulties like expressive aphasia, a condition characterized by trouble speaking fluently. The parietal lobe is more involved in processing sensory information and spatial awareness. The temporal lobe is associated with memory, hearing, and language comprehension. The occipital lobe is primarily responsible for processing visual information.

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