Nokea
What is the function of the corpus luteum?
- A. is where fertilization usually takes place
- B. secretes hormones that prepare the lining of the uterus to receive a fertilized ovum
- C. is one of two long, thin structures that lead to the hollow, softly lined uterus
- D. is one of two walnut-sized organs located deep inside a woman's abdomen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine structure in the ovary that forms after ovulation. It secretes hormones, particularly progesterone, which help prepare the uterine lining for possible implantation of a fertilized ovum. This process is crucial for maintaining a potential pregnancy. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Choice A is inaccurate as fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tubes. Choice C describes the fallopian tubes, not the corpus luteum. Choice D refers to the ovaries, not specifically the corpus luteum.
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Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen laid the modern foundations for __________.
- A. ethology
- B. social learning theory
- C. psychoanalytic theory
- D. cognitive-developmental theory
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen are considered the founders of ethology, a branch of biology and psychology that focuses on the study of animal behavior in natural environments. Their work laid the modern foundations for ethology, which examines the behavior of animals in relation to their natural habitats and evolutionary history. Choice B, social learning theory, is incorrect as it pertains to a different area of psychology that focuses on how people learn through observing others. Choice C, psychoanalytic theory, is also incorrect as it is a psychological theory developed by Sigmund Freud that emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts in determining behavior. Choice D, cognitive-developmental theory, is incorrect as it refers to the work of Jean Piaget in understanding the development of human cognition in children.
The first successful intelligence test was originally constructed to __________.
- A. measure individual differences in IQ
- B. document age-related improvements in children's intellectual functioning
- C. identify children with learning problems who needed to be placed in special classes
- D. compare the scores of people who varied in gender, ethnicity, and birth order
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The first successful intelligence test, the Binet-Simon Scale, was originally developed to identify children with learning problems who required special educational interventions. Choice A is incorrect because measuring individual differences in IQ was not the primary purpose of the test. Choice B is incorrect because documenting age-related improvements in children's intellectual functioning was not the main goal of the test. Choice D is incorrect because comparing the scores of people based on gender, ethnicity, and birth order was not the intended use of the intelligence test.
Unlike adults, newborn babies __________.
- A. have a limited sense of smell
- B. see nearby objects most clearly
- C. prefer unfamiliar voices to familiar ones
- D. see unclearly across a wide range of distances
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Unlike adults, newborn babies see nearby objects most clearly. This is due to the fact that newborns have a limited ability to focus their eyes on objects that are farther away. Their visual acuity is not fully developed at birth, leading to clearer vision of objects situated at a close distance. Choice A is incorrect because newborn babies have a well-developed sense of smell. Choice C is incorrect as newborns typically show a preference for familiar voices, such as their mother's voice. Choice D is incorrect as newborns do not see unclearly across a wide range of distances; rather, their vision is clearer for nearby objects.
What is the longest stage of labor?
- A. Delivery of the baby
- B. Delivery of the placenta
- C. Dilation and effacement of the cervix
- D. Release of epinephrine and cortisol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dilation and effacement of the cervix. This stage can last for hours, especially for first-time mothers, as the cervix needs to dilate and efface to allow for the baby's passage through the birth canal. Once the cervix is fully dilated and effaced, the woman can begin pushing during the second stage of labor to deliver the baby. The delivery of the baby itself is usually a shorter process compared to the time taken for the cervix to dilate and efface. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they represent other stages within the labor process that come after the dilation and effacement of the cervix.
Which statement about the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is true?
- A. About 30 percent of all new HIV infections affect women.
- B. In South Africa, 30 percent of all pregnant women are HIV-positive.
- C. About 30 percent of new HIV infections occur in developing countries.
- D. Untreated HIV-infected mothers pass the virus to the fetus 30 percent of the time.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'In South Africa, 30 percent of all pregnant women are HIV-positive.' This statement is true as South Africa has a high prevalence of HIV among pregnant women, emphasizing the need for interventions to prevent mother-to-child transmission. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Choice A is inaccurate as women account for more than 50% of new HIV infections globally. Choice C is misleading as the majority of new HIV infections actually occur in sub-Saharan Africa, not just developing countries. Choice D is also incorrect as without treatment, the risk of mother-to-child transmission is higher than 30%.