Nokea
What is the function of the endocrine system?
- A. To protect the body from infection
- B. To release digestive enzymes
- C. To break down food
- D. To regulate the sleep-wake cycle
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The endocrine system releases hormones that regulate various functions, including metabolism and growth. It is responsible for producing and releasing hormones that control processes such as metabolism, growth, and development. The digestive enzymes are released by the digestive system, not the endocrine system. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because protecting the body from infection is primarily the role of the immune system, breaking down food is the function of the digestive system, and regulating the sleep-wake cycle is controlled by the circadian rhythm which is mainly influenced by the brain's hypothalamus and not the endocrine system.
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Which of the following is the carbohydrate monomer?
- A. Disaccharide
- B. Lactose
- C. Monosaccharide
- D. Thymine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Monosaccharide. Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar unit. They are considered the carbohydrate monomers from which larger carbohydrates like disaccharides (composed of two sugar units) and polysaccharides (containing multiple sugar units) are built. Choices A and B, Disaccharide and Lactose, are not monomers but rather specific types of carbohydrates made up of multiple sugar units. Choice D, Thymine, is a nitrogenous base present in DNA and RNA, not a carbohydrate monomer.
Which part of the brain is responsible for balance and coordination?
- A. Cerebrum
- B. Cerebellum
- C. Medulla oblongata
- D. Thalamus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the cerebellum. The cerebellum is responsible for balance, coordination, and fine motor control. It integrates sensory information from the vestibular system in the inner ear and proprioceptive information from muscles and joints to coordinate voluntary movements. The cerebrum is primarily involved in higher brain functions like thinking and decision-making. The medulla oblongata controls vital autonomic functions such as breathing and heart rate. The thalamus serves as a relay station for sensory information before sending it to the cerebral cortex for further processing.
What is the role of the spleen in the body?
- A. To produce bile
- B. To filter blood and remove old red blood cells
- C. To produce red blood cells
- D. To store fat
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The spleen acts as a blood filter, removing old or damaged red blood cells. It also plays a role in immune responses, storing blood reserves, and helping to fight infection. The production of bile is primarily associated with the liver, not the spleen. While the bone marrow is responsible for red blood cell production, the spleen's main functions do not include this process. Storing fat is not a primary function of the spleen.
In which type of cell would you expect to find a high concentration of lysosomes?
- A. Cardiac cells
- B. Glandular cells
- C. Immune cells
- D. Neurons
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Immune cells. Immune cells, such as macrophages, contain many lysosomes for breaking down pathogens. Lysosomes are organelles responsible for digestion and waste removal within the cell, and immune cells require a high concentration of lysosomes to aid in their defense mechanisms against pathogens. Choice A, Cardiac cells, is incorrect because lysosomes are not primarily abundant in cardiac cells. Choice B, Glandular cells, is incorrect as well since lysosomes are not specifically concentrated in glandular cells. Choice D, Neurons, is also incorrect because while lysosomes are present in neurons, they are not typically found in high concentrations compared to immune cells.
What is the role of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
- A. To carry carbon dioxide to the lungs
- B. To carry oxygen from the lungs to the body
- C. To regulate blood pressure
- D. To produce white blood cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hemoglobin in red blood cells functions to carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues in the body. It binds to oxygen in the lungs and releases it to the body's cells, ensuring they have an adequate oxygen supply for metabolic processes. Choice A is incorrect because hemoglobin primarily carries oxygen, not carbon dioxide. Choice C is incorrect because hemoglobin's role is not related to blood pressure regulation. Choice D is incorrect because hemoglobin is not involved in the production of white blood cells.