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What is the function of the rib cage in the human body?
- A. To protect the digestive organs
- B. To protect the lungs and heart
- C. To support movement
- D. To regulate body temperature
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The rib cage plays a crucial role in protecting vital organs, specifically the lungs and heart, from external injuries. Choice A is incorrect because the rib cage does not primarily protect the digestive organs. Choice C is incorrect as the primary function of the rib cage is not to support movement, but to protect internal organs. Choice D is incorrect as regulating body temperature is not a function typically associated with the rib cage.
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Which structure of the endocrine system is responsible for maturing T cells?
- A. Hypothalamus
- B. Pineal
- C. Thymus
- D. Thyroid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The thymus is the primary gland responsible for the maturation of T cells in the immune system. T cells are a type of white blood cell involved in the immune response. The hypothalamus is primarily involved in hormone regulation and maintaining homeostasis. The pineal gland is responsible for secreting melatonin and regulating the sleep-wake cycle. The thyroid gland plays a key role in metabolism regulation through the production of thyroid hormones. Therefore, the correct answer is the thymus because it is specifically associated with the maturation of T cells, making it essential for proper immune function.
Which of the following hormones regulates calcium levels in the blood?
- A. Insulin
- B. Parathyroid hormone
- C. Thyroid hormone
- D. Glucagon
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Parathyroid hormone. Parathyroid hormone plays a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in the blood by increasing calcium levels when they are too low. This hormone acts on the bones, kidneys, and intestines to ensure proper calcium balance in the body. Insulin (choice A) is involved in glucose metabolism, not calcium regulation. Thyroid hormone (choice C) primarily regulates metabolism, and while it indirectly influences calcium levels, it is not the primary regulator. Glucagon (choice D) is involved in increasing blood glucose levels, not calcium regulation.
Which of the following is responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood?
- A. White blood cells
- B. Red blood cells
- C. Platelets
- D. Plasma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood. Hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells, binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to tissues throughout the body. White blood cells are involved in the immune system's defense mechanisms against infections, platelets help in blood clotting, and plasma is the liquid component of blood that carries various substances like nutrients, hormones, and waste products.
Which of the following is an example of a flat bone?
- A. Femur
- B. Scapula
- C. Humerus
- D. Tibia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, the Scapula. Flat bones, such as the scapula, are thin, flattened bones that provide protection to internal organs and serve as attachment points for muscles. The other choices, femur, humerus, and tibia, are examples of long bones, which are characterized by their elongated structure and are primarily involved in supporting weight and facilitating movement.
Which of the following lobes of the brain is responsible for processing auditory sounds?
- A. Frontal
- B. Occipital
- C. Parietal
- D. Temporal
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Temporal. The temporal lobe of the brain is responsible for processing auditory sounds. It is also involved in memory and language functions. Choice A, Frontal lobe, is primarily associated with functions such as decision-making, problem-solving, and planning. Choice B, Occipital lobe, is responsible for processing visual information. Choice C, Parietal lobe, is involved in processing sensory information like touch, temperature, and pressure. Therefore, the temporal lobe is the specific lobe responsible for processing auditory information, making it the correct answer.