Nokea
What is the function of the small intestine?
- A. To store bile
- B. To absorb nutrients
- C. To digest food
- D. To produce enzymes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. It is responsible for absorbing nutrients from the digested food into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body. Therefore, the correct function of the small intestine is to absorb nutrients. Choice A is incorrect because the gallbladder stores bile, not the small intestine. Choice C is incorrect because the digestion process primarily occurs in the stomach and small intestine. Choice D is incorrect because while the small intestine does play a role in enzyme production, its primary function is nutrient absorption.
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Which gland produces melatonin?
- A. Pineal gland
- B. Thyroid gland
- C. Adrenal gland
- D. Pituitary gland
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the Pineal gland. This gland is responsible for producing melatonin, a hormone that helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle. Melatonin production is influenced by exposure to light, with levels typically rising in the evening to promote sleep and falling in the morning to aid wakefulness. The Thyroid gland (choice B) produces hormones that regulate metabolism, the Adrenal gland (choice C) produces hormones like adrenaline and cortisol, and the Pituitary gland (choice D) controls several other glands in the endocrine system.
What is the role of the gallbladder in digestion?
- A. To produce bile
- B. To store and concentrate bile
- C. To break down fats
- D. To secrete digestive enzymes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The gallbladder's primary function in digestion is to store and concentrate bile produced by the liver. Bile is essential for the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine. While the gallbladder does not produce bile (Choice A) or secrete digestive enzymes (Choice D), it plays a crucial role in storing and releasing bile when needed. Therefore, the correct answer is B.
What is the primary function of the nervous system?
- A. To transmit signals and coordinate body activities
- B. To fight infections
- C. To produce hormones
- D. To regulate body temperature
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary function of the nervous system is to transmit signals and coordinate body activities. It controls and regulates body functions by sending and receiving signals between different parts of the body, enabling responses to internal and external stimuli. This intricate network allows for communication between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, ultimately facilitating movement, sensation, thoughts, and various bodily functions. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the primary function of the nervous system. Fighting infections is primarily the role of the immune system, producing hormones is the function of the endocrine system, and regulating body temperature involves mechanisms of thermoregulation within the body, not directly controlled by the nervous system.
What is the primary function of the integumentary system?
- A. Protecting the body from external damage
- B. Regulating body temperature
- C. Producing vitamin D
- D. Producing red blood cells
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Protecting the body from external damage. The primary function of the integumentary system, which includes the skin, hair, and nails, is to act as a physical barrier that protects the body from external damage such as pathogens, UV radiation, and mechanical injuries. While the integumentary system does play roles in regulating body temperature and producing vitamin D, its main and most crucial function is to provide a protective shield for the body. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because although the integumentary system contributes to regulating body temperature and producing vitamin D, as well as housing cells involved in the immune response, its primary role is protection.
Which of the following is a structure found in the upper respiratory tract?
- A. Pharynx
- B. Larynx
- C. Trachea
- D. Esophagus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The pharynx is a structure found in the upper respiratory tract. It serves as a common pathway for both air and food, playing a crucial role in directing air to the trachea and food to the esophagus. The larynx, trachea, and esophagus are important structures in the respiratory and digestive systems, but the pharynx specifically belongs to the upper respiratory tract, making it the correct answer.