Nokea
What is the grayish white, cheeselike substance that covers the newborns skin?
- A. Milia
- B. Meconium
- C. Amniotic fluid
- D. Vernix caseosa
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The vernix caseosa is the grayish white, cheeselike substance that covers a newborns skin.
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When doing the first assessment of a male newborn, the nurse notes that the scrotum is large, edematous, and pendulous. What should this be interpreted as?
- A. A hydrocele
- B. An inguinal hernia
- C. A normal finding
- D. An absence of testes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A large, edematous, and pendulous scrotum in a term newborn, especially in those born in a breech position, is a normal finding. A hydrocele is fluid in the scrotum, usually unilateral, which usually resolves within a few months. An inguinal hernia may or may not be present at birth. It is more easily detected when the child is crying. The presence or absence of testes should be determined on palpation of the scrotum and inguinal canal. Absence of testes may be an indication of ambiguous genitalia.
Why are rectal temperatures not recommended in newborns?
- A. They are inaccurate.
- B. They do not reflect core body temperature.
- C. They can cause perforation of rectal mucosa.
- D. They take too long to obtain an accurate reading.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rectal temperatures are avoided in newborns. If done incorrectly, the insertion of a thermometer into the rectum can cause perforation of the mucosa. The time it takes to determine body temperature is related to the equipment used, not only the route.
Which finding in the newborn is considered abnormal?
- A. Nystagmus
- B. Profuse drooling
- C. Dark green or black stools
- D. Slight vaginal reddish discharge
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Profuse drooling and salivation are potential signs of a major abnormality. Newborns with esophageal atresia cannot swallow their oral secretions, resulting in excessive drooling. Nystagmus is an involuntary movement of the eyes. This is a common variation in newborns. Meconium, the first stool of newborns, is dark green or black. A pseudomenstruation may be present in normal newborns. This is a blood-tinged or mucoid vaginal discharge.
Which is the name of the suture separating the parietal bones at the top of a newborns head?
- A. Frontal
- B. Sagittal
- C. Coronal
- D. Occipital
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The sagittal suture separates the parietal bones at the top of the newborns head. The frontal suture separates the frontal bones. The coronal suture is said to crown the head. The lambdoid suture is at the margin of the parietal and occipital.
What is a function of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in newborns?
- A. Generates heat for distribution to other parts of body
- B. Provides ready source of calories in the newborn period
- C. Protects newborns from injury during the birth process
- D. Insulates the body against lowered environmental temperature
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Brown fat is a unique source of heat for newborns. It has a larger content of mitochondrial cytochromes and a greater capacity for heat production through intensified metabolic activity than does ordinary adipose tissue. Heat generated in brown fat is distributed to other parts of the body by the blood. It is effective only in heat production. Brown fat is located in superficial areas such as between the scapulae, around the neck, in the axillae, and behind the sternum. These areas should not protect the newborn from injury during the birth process. The newborn has a thin layer of subcutaneous fat, which does not provide for conservation of heat.