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What is the initial step when addressing an ethically challenging situation?
- A. Identify all those who are involved in the situation.
- B. Review the overall situation to identify the core issues.
- C. Gather all the relevant facts about the situations.
- D. Determine what the ethical dilemma is.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Review the overall situation to identify the core issues. This is the initial step when addressing an ethically challenging situation because it allows you to gain a comprehensive understanding of the situation before delving into specific details. By reviewing the overall situation, you can identify the key ethical issues at play and prioritize which aspects need to be addressed first. This step sets the foundation for developing an effective strategy to navigate the ethical dilemma.
Incorrect answers:
A: Identifying all those involved is important, but it should come after reviewing the situation.
C: Gathering facts is necessary, but reviewing the overall situation should precede this step.
D: Determining the ethical dilemma is crucial, but it is more effective to first review the entire situation to fully grasp the complexities before pinpointing the ethical issue.
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A patient experiences migraine headaches that are not relieved by traditional Western medical practices. The family physician suggests acupuncture, which: (select all that apply)
- A. is based on the belief that meridians are vital for life, and when they are out of balance, pain occurs.
- B. uses strategically placed, slender needles for pain relief.
- C. uses breathing exercises and meditation to relieve pain.
- D. corrects metabolic imbalance through purification regimens.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because acupuncture is indeed based on the belief that meridians, energy pathways in the body, are vital for life and when they are out of balance, pain occurs. Acupuncture aims to restore the balance of these meridians to alleviate pain.
Explanation:
1. Acupuncture theory is rooted in Traditional Chinese Medicine, which emphasizes the flow of energy (Qi) along meridians.
2. By inserting needles at specific points along the meridians, acupuncturists aim to restore the balance of Qi and alleviate pain.
3. Meridian theory is fundamental to the practice of acupuncture and differentiates it from other pain relief modalities.
4. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately represent the core principles of acupuncture and how it works.
Summary:
Option A is correct because it aligns with the foundational principles of acupuncture, focusing on meridians and energy balance. Options B, C, and D are
An RN recently relocated to another region of the country and immediately assumed the role of charge nurse. When determining the appropriate person to whom to delegate, the RN knows that:
- A. the role of the LPN/LVN is the same from state to state.
- B. the LPN/LVN can be taught to perform all the duties of an RN if approved by the employer and if additional on-the-job training is provided.
- C. he or she must review the state's nurse practice act for LPN/LVNs, because each state defines the role and scope of practice of the LPN/LVN.
- D. The Joint Commission has certified and established roles for the LPN/LVN.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. When delegating tasks to an LPN/LVN, the RN must review the state's nurse practice act because each state defines the role and scope of practice of the LPN/LVN. This is crucial as the LPN/LVN scope of practice can vary significantly from state to state. By reviewing the nurse practice act, the RN ensures that the tasks being delegated fall within the legal scope of practice for the LPN/LVN in that specific state, promoting safe and effective patient care.
Choice A is incorrect because the role of the LPN/LVN can differ between states.
Choice B is incorrect because LPN/LVNs cannot perform all duties of an RN, and additional training does not change their scope of practice.
Choice D is incorrect because the Joint Commission does not establish roles for LPN/LVNs; it focuses on accreditation standards for healthcare organizations.
A nurse manager wants his nursing unit to be a place where all nurses want to work, where patient satisfaction is high, and care is innovative and interdisciplinary. Staff are encouraged to chair taskforces to improve quality of care and he counsels staff in areas of measuring patient outcomes. Other managers want to mimic this manager's approach to improve their own units. This nurse is which type of leader?
- A. Transformational
- B. Transactional
- C. Laissez-faire
- D. Authoritative
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Transformational. This nurse manager is focused on creating a positive work environment, encouraging innovation, empowering staff, and promoting interdisciplinary collaboration. Transformational leaders inspire and motivate followers to achieve high levels of performance by emphasizing shared vision, personal growth, and values. This nurse manager's approach aligns with the characteristics of a transformational leader.
Incorrect Choices:
B: Transactional leaders focus on rewards, punishments, and exchanges with followers based on performance. This nurse manager's approach goes beyond transactional interactions.
C: Laissez-faire leaders are hands-off and provide little guidance or direction. This nurse manager is actively involved in guiding and supporting staff.
D: Authoritative leaders make decisions independently and expect followers to follow orders. This nurse manager encourages staff involvement and input in decision-making processes.
One difference between a leader and a manager is that a:
- A. leader has legitimate authority.
- B. manager motivates and inspires others.
- C. manager focuses on coordinating resources.
- D. leader focuses on accomplishing goals of the organization.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: A manager focuses on coordinating resources, such as people, time, and materials, to achieve organizational goals.
Step 2: Coordinating resources is a key responsibility of a manager, as it involves planning, organizing, and controlling to ensure efficient operations.
Step 3: Leaders, on the other hand, focus on setting a vision, inspiring and motivating others to achieve goals.
Step 4: While both leaders and managers play crucial roles, the distinction lies in their primary focus and responsibilities.
Step 5: Therefore, the correct answer is C, as it accurately reflects the key difference between a leader and a manager.
A nurse is assigned to a unit where 95% of all patients required total care. Most days the assistive personnel are able to complete their assignments and provide high-quality care. A patient returning from a procedure was somehow "skipped" when daily baths were performed and requests that her care now be provided. The nurse discovers the bed is rumpled and damp. The RN joins with some other staff to bathe the patient, change the bed, and help make the patient comfortable. These staff members are demonstrating:
- A. altruism.
- B. veracity.
- C. autonomy.
- D. whistle-blowing.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: altruism. Altruism is the selfless concern for the wellbeing of others, which is demonstrated by the staff members helping the patient in need without hesitation. In this scenario, the staff members are putting the patient's needs above their own, showing compassion and empathy. This aligns with the principle of altruism in nursing, where caregivers prioritize the welfare of their patients.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect:
B: Veracity refers to truthfulness and honesty. While these are important traits in nursing, they are not the focus of the staff members' actions in this scenario.
C: Autonomy is the right of individuals to make decisions about their own care. In this situation, the patient is not exercising autonomy, but rather relying on the staff for assistance.
D: Whistle-blowing involves reporting unethical or illegal behavior within an organization. There is no indication of any wrongdoing that would require whistle-blowing in this scenario.