Nokea
What is the interval between tetanus toxoid doses for pregnant women?
- A. 4 weeks
- B. 6 weeks
- C. 8 weeks
- D. 12 weeks
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct interval between tetanus toxoid doses for pregnant women is 4 weeks. This short interval ensures optimal immunity for both the mother and the baby against tetanus. Giving the dose every 4 weeks during pregnancy helps maintain the protective levels of antibodies. Waiting longer intervals could decrease the effectiveness of the vaccine and leave the mother and baby vulnerable to tetanus infection. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because longer intervals between doses may not provide adequate protection and could compromise immunity levels during pregnancy.
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What is the best reason for administering vitamin A to a postpartum client?
- A. To help strengthen her immune system
- B. To improve her vision
- C. To protect her from infection
- D. To promote wound healing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: To help strengthen her immune system. Vitamin A plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy immune system, which is especially important for postpartum women to prevent infections. Vitamin A deficiency can weaken the immune response, making the body more susceptible to infections.
Explanation for other choices:
B: To improve her vision - While vitamin A is essential for good vision, it is not the primary reason for administering it to a postpartum client.
C: To protect her from infection - This is partially correct, as vitamin A helps protect against infections, but the primary reason is to strengthen the immune system.
D: To promote wound healing - Vitamin A is important for wound healing, but the immune system support is the key reason for administering it in the postpartum period.
The Sentrong Sigla Movement aims to enhance health service delivery. Which of the following statements is true about this movement?
- A. It is a project jointly led by the Department of Health and local government units
- B. It serves as a means to secure additional funding from local government units
- C. It promotes disease prevention and control as a priority for health centers
- D. Its primary approach involves certifying health centers meeting DOH standards
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the Sentrong Sigla Movement's primary approach is certifying health centers meeting DOH standards. This certification ensures that health centers provide quality services. A is incorrect because the movement is led by DOH only. B is incorrect as it focuses on improving services rather than securing funding. C is incorrect as the movement emphasizes overall health service quality, not just disease prevention. In summary, D is correct as it aligns with the movement's core objective, while the other options do not accurately represent its purpose.
Which demographic tool may be used to describe the sex composition of the population?
- A. Sex ratio
- B. Sex proportion
- C. Population pyramid
- D. Any of these may be used
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all of the choices can be used to describe the sex composition of the population. A, the sex ratio, compares the number of males to females. B, sex proportion, also refers to the distribution of males and females in a population. C, population pyramid, visually displays the age and sex distribution of a population. Therefore, any of these tools can be utilized to describe the sex composition accurately.
Sputum examination is the major screening tool for pulmonary tuberculosis. Clients may sometimes receive false negative results in this exam. This means that the test is not perfect in terms of which characteristic of a diagnostic examination?
- A. Effectiveness
- B. Efficacy
- C. Specificity
- D. Sensitivity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Define false negative - An individual with the disease incorrectly identified as disease-free.
Step 2: Understand sensitivity - Ability to correctly identify individuals with the disease.
Step 3: False negatives indicate low sensitivity.
Step 4: Sensitivity is a key characteristic of a diagnostic test.
Step 5: Therefore, the correct answer is D: Sensitivity.
Summary:
A: Effectiveness - Overall ability of the test to achieve its intended purpose.
B: Efficacy - Ability of the test under ideal conditions.
C: Specificity - Ability to correctly identify individuals without the disease.
D: Sensitivity - Ability to correctly identify individuals with the disease.
Which vaccine leaves a permanent scar at the site of injection?
- A. BCG
- B. DPT
- C. Hepatitis B vaccine
- D. Measles vaccine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: BCG. BCG vaccine is administered through intradermal injection, leaving a small scar due to the immune response it triggers. The scar formation is a characteristic feature of the BCG vaccine and is used as an indicator of successful vaccination. Other vaccines like DPT, Hepatitis B, and Measles do not typically leave a permanent scar at the injection site. The scar formation with BCG vaccine is a result of the body's immune response to the live attenuated Mycobacterium bovis strain in the vaccine, leading to a localized inflammatory reaction and subsequent scarring.