Nokea
What is the leading cause of maternal mortality?
- A. Pre-eclampsia
- B. Haemorrhage
- C. Sepsis
- D. Obstructed labour
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Haemorrhage. Haemorrhage is a leading cause of maternal mortality due to excessive bleeding during childbirth. While conditions like pre-eclampsia, sepsis, and obstructed labor can also be serious complications during pregnancy and childbirth, they are not the primary cause of maternal mortality worldwide.
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What are the Carunculae Myrtiformes?
- A. Tissues between the vagina and the perineum
- B. A component of the clitoral prepuce
- C. The remnants of the torn hymen
- D. Structures that partially close the vaginal introitus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Carunculae Myrtiformes are the remnants of the torn hymen. They are not tissues between the vagina and the perineum (Choice A), a part of the clitoral prepuce (Choice B), or structures that partially close the vaginal introitus (Choice D). Understanding the anatomy of the female reproductive system is crucial for healthcare professionals to provide accurate care and information.
What is dysmenorrhoea?
- A. Heavy menstruation
- B. Light menstruation
- C. Painful menstruation
- D. Infrequent menstruation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dysmenorrhoea is the medical term for painful menstruation. It is characterized by cramp-like abdominal pain that occurs just before or during menstruation. Choice A, heavy menstruation, is referred to as menorrhagia. Choice B, light menstruation, is not a term used to describe a specific menstrual condition. Choice D, infrequent menstruation, is known as oligomenorrhea, not dysmenorrhoea.
Which hormone is released from the testes?
- A. Progesterone
- B. Vasopressin
- C. Testosterone
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is testosterone. Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone produced in the testes. Progesterone is a female sex hormone primarily produced in the ovaries, not in the testes. Vasopressin is a hormone released by the pituitary gland to regulate water balance in the body, not produced by the testes. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect.
At 3-4 weeks of pregnancy, the breast changes include:
- A. Darkening of the nipple.
- B. Prickling, tingling sensation.
- C. Breast becomes tender.
- D. Colostrum can be expressed.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: At 3-4 weeks of pregnancy, breast changes commonly involve tenderness due to hormonal fluctuations. Darkening of the nipple (Choice A) typically occurs later in pregnancy. Prickling, tingling sensations (Choice B) are more associated with early pregnancy due to increased blood flow to the breast area. Colostrum production (Choice D) usually begins later in pregnancy, closer to the end of the third trimester.
Which of the following are layers of endometrium in pregnancy EXCEPT?
- A. Decidua compacta
- B. Decidua spongiosum
- C. Decidua functionalis
- D. Decidua basalis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During pregnancy, the layers of endometrium include decidua compacta, decidua spongiosum, and decidua basalis. Decidua functionalis is the layer that sheds during menstruation and regenerates each cycle, not a layer of the endometrium during pregnancy. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer. Decidua compacta is the layer closest to the conceptus, decidua spongiosum is the middle layer, and decidua basalis is the layer adjacent to the myometrium.