Nokea
What is the main function of the large intestine?
- A. To absorb proteins
- B. To absorb water and form feces
- C. To produce enzymes for digestion
- D. To store fat
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The main function of the large intestine is to absorb water and form feces from waste material. Choice A is incorrect because the absorption of proteins primarily occurs in the small intestine. Choice C is incorrect as the production of enzymes for digestion mainly takes place in the pancreas and small intestine. Choice D is incorrect as the storage of fat is not a primary function of the large intestine.
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How many molecules of NADPH and ATP are required to reduce 6 molecules of CO2 to glucose via photosynthesis?
- A. 6 NADPH and 9 ATP
- B. 12 NADPH and 18 ATP
- C. 18 NADPH and 24 ATP
- D. 24 NADPH and 36 ATP
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: During photosynthesis, 12 molecules of NADPH and 18 molecules of ATP are required to reduce 6 molecules of CO2 to glucose. NADPH and ATP are essential energy carriers in the process of photosynthesis. Choice A is incorrect because it underestimates the required molecules of both NADPH and ATP. Choices C and D overestimate the number of molecules needed, making them incorrect answers.
Which part of the brain controls breathing and heart rate?
- A. Cerebrum
- B. Medulla oblongata
- C. Thalamus
- D. Cerebellum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The medulla oblongata is the correct answer because it is responsible for controlling involuntary functions such as breathing and heart rate. The cerebrum (Choice A) is primarily associated with higher brain functions like thinking and voluntary movements, not with regulating basic bodily functions like breathing and heart rate. The thalamus (Choice C) serves as a relay station for sensory information but is not directly involved in controlling breathing and heart rate. The cerebellum (Choice D) plays a role in coordination and balance, not in regulating respiratory and cardiac functions.
Which of the following is a function of the large intestine?
- A. Absorption of water
- B. Production of vitamin K
- C. Production of vitamin B
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'All of the above.' The large intestine performs various functions, including the absorption of water, production of vitamin K, and production of some B vitamins. Water absorption is a crucial function of the large intestine, helping to concentrate waste material into feces. Additionally, the large intestine hosts beneficial bacteria that produce vitamin K and some B vitamins, which are absorbed into the body. Choices A, B, and C individually represent specific functions of the large intestine, while choice D correctly encompasses all these functions, making it the most comprehensive and accurate answer.
Which region of the small intestine is the primary site of absorption?
- A. Duodenum
- B. Jejunum
- C. Ileum
- D. Cecum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The jejunum is the correct answer. It is the primary site of nutrient absorption in the small intestine. The duodenum mainly facilitates digestion, the ileum is responsible for further absorption, while the cecum is part of the large intestine and not involved in nutrient absorption.
Which of the following is an example of Mendelian inheritance?
- A. Incomplete Dominance
- B. Polygenic Alleles
- C. Combination Inheritance
- D. Recessive Inheritance
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Recessive Inheritance.' Mendelian inheritance involves traits controlled by single genes with dominant and recessive alleles. Incomplete dominance (choice A) is a non-Mendelian inheritance pattern where the heterozygous phenotype is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes. Polygenic alleles (choice B) involve multiple genes contributing to a single trait, not following Mendelian principles. Combination inheritance (choice C) is not a recognized term in genetics and does not describe Mendelian inheritance patterns.