Nokea
What is the main function of the lungs?
- A. To transport oxygen and nutrients throughout the body
- B. To coordinate movement and sensory information
- C. To filter waste products from the blood
- D. To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The main function of the lungs is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment. This process occurs through the alveoli in the lungs where oxygen from inhaled air enters the bloodstream, and carbon dioxide is removed from the bloodstream and exhaled. Option A is incorrect as the transportation of oxygen and nutrients throughout the body is primarily carried out by the circulatory system, not the lungs. Option B is incorrect as coordinating movement and sensory information is a function of the nervous system, not the lungs. Option C is incorrect as filtering waste products from the blood is primarily the role of the kidneys, not the lungs. Therefore, the correct answer is D.
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What is the largest bone in the human body?
- A. Femur (thigh bone)
- B. Tibia (shin bone)
- C. Humerus (upper arm bone)
- D. Scapula (shoulder blade)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The femur, also known as the thigh bone, holds the title of the largest bone in the human body. Situated in the upper leg, the femur plays a vital role in supporting the body's weight and enabling movement. While the tibia (shin bone), humerus (upper arm bone), and scapula (shoulder blade) are all essential bones, none of them match the femur in terms of size and importance. The tibia, humerus, and scapula are comparatively smaller bones with specific functions in their respective areas of the body, but they do not surpass the femur in size or significance.
How can you predict the charge of an ion formed by an element based on its position on the periodic table?
- A. Look for elements with similar atomic weights
- B. Identify the group number, which often indicates the typical ionic charge
- C. Identify the period number to determine the ionic charge
- D. Analyze the element's position within the group
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The group number of an element on the periodic table often indicates the typical ionic charge it will form. Elements in the same group tend to have similar chemical properties, including the tendency to gain or lose electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. This predictable pattern allows us to anticipate the charge of an ion formed by an element based on its position in the periodic table. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because predicting the charge of an ion is primarily based on the element's group number, which reflects its valence electrons and typical ionic charge. Atomic weight (Choice A) and period number (Choice C) do not directly correlate with the ionic charge prediction, and analyzing the element's position within the group (Choice D) is less relevant than identifying the group number itself.
What is the name of the structure that packages DNA in eukaryotic cells?
- A. Nucleosome
- B. Chromatin
- C. Histone
- D. Centromere
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: - A nucleosome is the basic structural unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotic cells. It consists of DNA wrapped around a core of histone proteins.
- Chromatin refers to the complex of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, including nucleosomes.
- Histones are the proteins around which DNA is wrapped to form nucleosomes.
- Centromere is a region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined and to which spindle fibers attach during cell division.
An uncharged atom has an electron configuration of 1s² 2s² 2pⶠ3s² and a mass number of 14. How many protons does it have?
- A. 14
- B. 6
- C. 8
- D. 12
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The number of protons in an atom is determined by the atomic number, which is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus. The electron configuration given corresponds to carbon (C) with 6 protons. The atomic number of an element is the same as the number of protons in its nucleus, so in this case, the atom has 6 protons. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not correspond to the correct number of protons for an atom with the given electron configuration and mass number. Therefore, option B, 6 protons, is the correct answer.
In the process of osmosis, the solvent moves from an area of...
- A. Low solute concentration to high solute concentration
- B. Hotter solution to colder solution
- C. Colder solution to hotter solution
- D. High solute concentration to low solute concentration
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the process of osmosis, solvent molecules move from an area of high solute concentration to low solute concentration. This movement occurs to equalize the solute concentrations on both sides of the semi-permeable membrane. As water tends to move towards higher solute concentrations, the solvent moves in this direction to balance the concentrations and establish equilibrium. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because osmosis involves the movement of solvent, not solute, and it moves towards the area of higher solute concentration, not lower. Therefore, the correct answer is option D.