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What is the main function of the nervous system?
- A. Transporting blood
- B. Protecting the body from infection
- C. Regulating body temperature
- D. Digesting food
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The main function of the nervous system is to control and coordinate body activities by transmitting signals between different parts of the body and responding to internal and external stimuli. This allows for the regulation of body temperature, movement, sensory perception, and various other functions necessary for homeostasis. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the primary role of the nervous system. Transporting blood is mainly carried out by the circulatory system, protecting the body from infection is a function of the immune system, and digesting food is the role of the digestive system.
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What is the main function of the adrenal glands?
- A. Regulation of metabolism
- B. Production of bile
- C. Regulation of blood pressure
- D. Production of insulin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The main function of the adrenal glands is to produce hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones play a crucial role in regulating blood pressure, metabolism, and the body's stress response. While the adrenal glands do have some impact on metabolism, their primary function is not the direct regulation of metabolism. They are not involved in the production of bile or insulin. Therefore, the correct answer is the regulation of blood pressure.
Which type of tissue connects bones to other bones?
- A. Tendons
- B. Ligaments
- C. Cartilage
- D. Muscles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ligaments. Ligaments are tough, flexible connective tissues that connect bones to other bones, providing stability and support to joints. Tendons (choice A) connect muscles to bones, enabling movement. Cartilage (choice C) is a firm, rubbery material that cushions bones at joints. Muscles (choice D) are contractile tissues responsible for movement. Therefore, when looking for the tissue that connects bones to other bones, ligaments are the most appropriate choice.
What is the primary function of the heart?
- A. To filter blood
- B. To transport oxygen and nutrients
- C. To remove waste
- D. To regulate temperature
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary function of the heart is to pump oxygenated blood and nutrients throughout the body, supplying cells with vital substances. Choice A is incorrect as the kidneys are responsible for filtering blood. Choice C is incorrect as waste removal is primarily handled by organs like the kidneys and liver. Choice D is incorrect as regulating body temperature is mainly controlled by mechanisms such as sweating and shivering, not the heart.
Which organelle in the cell is responsible for packaging and distributing proteins?
- A. Ribosome
- B. Golgi apparatus
- C. Endoplasmic reticulum
- D. Mitochondrion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus is an organelle responsible for packaging and distributing proteins and lipids within the cell. It modifies, sorts, and packages these molecules into vesicles for transportation to their final destinations, either within the cell or outside of it. The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in the secretory pathway of cells, ensuring that proteins are properly processed and directed to where they are needed. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, not packaging and distributing proteins. The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and folding but not primarily in packaging and distributing proteins. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell and are responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration, not packaging and distributing proteins.
What is the primary function of the heart in the circulatory system?
- A. To filter blood
- B. To pump blood throughout the body
- C. To absorb oxygen
- D. To remove carbon dioxide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To pump blood throughout the body.' The primary function of the heart in the circulatory system is to pump blood, which carries oxygen and nutrients, throughout the body. Choice A, 'To filter blood,' is incorrect as the heart does not filter blood; that is primarily done by the kidneys. Choice C, 'To absorb oxygen,' is incorrect as the lungs are responsible for oxygen absorption. Choice D, 'To remove carbon dioxide,' is incorrect as the lungs facilitate the removal of carbon dioxide from the body.