Nokea
What is the main idea of the passage about microbes?
- A. Recent discoveries are revealing the critical role of microorganisms in maintaining a properly functioning immune system.
- B. The human body is host to a staggering number of microorganisms.
- C. Bacteriotherapy reintroduces healthy bacteria into a colon lacking the capability to defend against pathogenic agents.
- D. Early research has shown remarkable discoveries in the possibilities of bacteriotherapy.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The main idea of the passage is that recent discoveries are shedding light on the pivotal role of microorganisms in maintaining a properly functioning immune system. The passage discusses how the human body hosts a wide array of microorganisms, emphasizes the importance of these bacteria in the development of the immune system, and explores the potential applications of bacteriotherapy. Choice A is the correct answer because it accurately reflects the central theme discussed in the passage. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they focus on specific details or applications mentioned in the passage, rather than capturing the overarching theme of the critical role of microorganisms in immune system function.
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Which of the following is not listed as a detail in the passage about microbes?
- A. Babies are born coated with germs from the birth canal.
- B. Mice and humans respond to microbes differently.
- C. Few people share the same microbes in the same quantities.
- D. Human bodies contain far more microbes than they do cells.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the passage does not detail that mice and humans respond to microbes differently. The passage discusses how laboratory mice required a particular strain of bacteria to help their immune systems function correctly, indicating a difference in how mice and humans respond to microbes. Choices A, C, and D are all details mentioned in the passage: A discusses babies being coated with germs from the birth canal, C talks about the variation in microbes among individuals, and D states that human bodies contain more microbes than cells.
Choose the best summary of the passage about microbes.
- A. Scientists have discovered the importance of certain bacteria for a well-functioning immune system, especially in defending against pathogens. The colonization of microbes in the body begins at birth, with the immune system relying on these bacteria for proper function.
- B. The passage discusses the role of bacteria in the development of the human immune system. It highlights that the body supports various microorganisms crucial for immunity, starting from birth. The presence of harmless bacteria is essential for the immune system to work effectively.
- C. The body hosts a vast number of microorganisms critical for immune system development. Harmless bacteria are necessary for the immune system to defend against pathogens effectively. Early research shows promising results in fecal bacteriotherapy for restoring the immune system's ability to fight off harmful invaders.
- D. Microbes play a pivotal role in human health, particularly in immune system development. The introduction of healthy bacteria is essential for the immune system to function correctly. Fecal bacteriotherapy is a novel approach to reintroducing beneficial bacteria into a compromised colon to enhance immune response.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The passage emphasizes the importance of certain bacteria for a properly functioning immune system. It discusses how harmless bacteria play a crucial role in defending the body against pathogens. Choice A is incorrect as it focuses on the immune system's response to certain types of bacteria in lower organisms, not the overall importance of bacteria for immunity. Choice B is incorrect as it mainly discusses bacteriotherapy in relation to the reconstruction of a damaged colon, rather than the broader role of bacteria in immune system health. Choice D is incorrect as it only talks about the process of replacing harmful bacteria with harmless ones, missing the key point about the necessity of certain bacteria for immune system function.
Which of the following is not listed as a detail in the passage?
- A. Many patients die each year from medical error.
- B. Lifewings Partners educates patients on consumer safety.
- C. Steve Harden is the founder of Lifewings Partners.
- D. The most common medical error is overmedication.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The passage discusses the dangers of medical errors and provides specific examples of such errors but does not indicate that overmedication is the most common error. Therefore, since option D is not supported by the text, it is the correct choice for what is not mentioned.
What conclusion is suggested by this study from Germany?
- A. So far, acupuncture does not have much credibility as a treatment option.
- B. Acupuncture can relieve women of all menstrual discomfort.
- C. NSAIDs are generally more effective than acupuncture for treating cramps.
- D. Acupuncture is a reasonable treatment choice for cramps.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The study suggests that acupuncture is a reasonable treatment choice for cramps.
What is the overall tone of the essay?
- A. Apathetic
- B. Fascinated
- C. Discouraged
- D. Hopeful
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The tone of the essay is discouraged as it expresses concern about the U.S.'s lower life expectancy ranking and contributing factors.