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The Summer Olympic Games. Once every four years the countries of the world send their best and brightest to participate in the Summer Olympic Games. The site for the event is decided years before, and most countries contend strongly for the privilege to host the Games. The 2008 games were held in Bejing, China.
There is a lot of pageantry and tradition attached to the event. The opening ceremony is elaborate and awe-inspiring. China put on a spectacularly beautiful fireworks display to welcome the world's athletes in 2008.
The track events, water events (swimming, diving) and precision activities such as archery and rhythmic gymnastics are wonderful to watch. Seeing these athletes perform their special skills is a treat for those of us who achieve a vicarious satisfaction from it. Everyone roots for the athletes from their own country and we thrill when our anther is played during the medal ceremony. Being an Olympian is an honor every athlete dreams of.
What is the main reason that athletes want to participate in the Olympics?
- A. They have a patriotic pride in their performance.
- B. They get a sizable stipend for their performance.
- C. Travel to foreign countries.
- D. They can win a scholarship for future education.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The passage emphasizes that athletes from different countries participate in the Olympics, and the audience "roots for the athletes from their own country." It highlights the honor and pride associated with representing one's country on a global stage. Thus, the main motivation for athletes is their patriotic pride, making answer A the correct one. The passage does not mention financial rewards, scholarships, or travel as primary motivations.
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Electrocardiogram
Beep!Ć¢Ä‚¬Ā¦Beep!Ć¢Ä‚¬Ā¦Beep! is the audible rhythmic sound made as the strength of the heart muscle is measured. The signal cadence has a characteristic record that varies in every individual. This record is called an electrocardiogram, or ECG.
In the body, an array of systemic neural responses constantly occur, emitting electric currents. The electric currents can be detected on the surface of the body, and if a person is hooked to an amplifier, these impulses are recorded by an electrocardiograph.
Most of the information obtained is about the heart because the heart sends out electric currents in waves. This Ć¢Ä‚¬Å“wave of excitationĆ¢Ä‚¬Ā¯ spreads through the heart wall and is accompanied by electric changes. The wave takes place in three distinct steps.
Initially, the Ć¢Ä‚¬Å“wave of excitationĆ¢Ä‚¬Ā¯ accompanied by an electric change lasts for approximately 1 to 2 seconds after the contraction of the cardiac muscle. The electric impulses are discharged rhythmically from the sinoatrial (SA) node, the pacemaker of the heart. This spread of excitation over the muscle of the atrium indicates that the atrium has contracted.
Next, the peak of the ECG reading is due to the atrioventricular (AV) node, causing the ventricle to become excited.
Finally, the ventricles relax, and any changes in the wave indicate to trained medical staff any abnormalities within the heart
In the body, an array of systemic neural responses constantly occur, emitting electric currents. The electric currents can be detected on the surface of the body, and if a person is hooked to an amplifier, these impulses are recorded by an electrocardiograph. What is the meaning of the word emitting as it is used in the second paragraph?
- A. Repelling
- B. Releasing
- C. Closing
- D. Charging
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, 'Releasing.' In this context, 'emitting' refers to the action of releasing electric currents. The passage describes how electric currents are constantly emitted by systemic neural responses in the body. These emitted currents can be detected on the body's surface and recorded by an electrocardiograph. Therefore, the term 'emitting' in this context means 'releasing' electric currents.
ELECTORAL COLLEGE
The Electoral College has nothing to do with college and contains no students. The Electoral College consists of votes that each state acquires based on the number of representatives it has in Congress. Each state has two electoral votes because each state has two senators. The remaining electoral votes are determined by the number of Congressmen, the number of which is based on the population of the state established by the Census taken each decade. During the presidential election, most states cast all their electoral votes for the candidate who wins the popular vote in that state. It's all very confusing, but the founding fathers know what they were doing. Downloaded by Abdul Hamid (a.ahamid2181@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|10672023 HESI A2 V2 Grammar, Vocab, Reading, & Math Questions with Answers). By having and using the Electoral College candidates' campaign in every state, but just because they win the popular vote across the country doesn't mean they will always win the election. Case in point, in election 2000, Al Gore won the popular vote across the country, but George W. Bush won more electoral votes. Therefore, he became our 43rd president.
The author's reason for writing this piece seems to be to:
- A. Entertain the reader with anecdotes
- B. Persuade the reader to support a specific candidate
- C. Teach the reader
- D. Criticize the electoral process
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The passage aims to educate the reader about the Electoral College system and its functioning. It provides factual information about how the Electoral College operates, including the allocation of electoral votes based on a state's representation in Congress. There is no indication in the passage that the author's intention was to entertain, persuade, or criticize. By clarifying the purpose of the Electoral College and how it impacts presidential elections, the author is primarily focused on teaching the reader about this aspect of the political process.
Lightning Strikes: The old wives' tale of "Lightning never strikes twice" has been proven untrue time and time again. Lightning forms from negative and positive charges within clouds and from the earth below. When these charges react with each other, the air between the cloud and the earth ionizes, which produces a lightning flash. Lightning is actually a series of multiple events consisting of a leader stroke of lightning, followed by as many as 40 smaller strokes of lightning. Being just split seconds apart, these strokes of lightning often reflect off the lining of the clouds.
Lightning rods that extend from above the roof to the ground protect buildings by forming a low resistance path for the lightning so that the lightning does not enter the building, but rather defuses as it penetrates the ground.
Some myths about lightning need to be explained. Lightning does strike tall buildings often, and during a particularly violent storm, a tall building may be hit by lightning several times. The safest place during a thunder and lightning storm is in a metal car or lying flat, face down, in the open, not under a tree as the myth suggests.
Many people believe that thunder and lightning are connected; however, this proves to be true only about 50% of the time, so if you're waiting for the clap of thunder, you're missing out on some exciting strokes of lightning!
Lightning causes injuries, deaths, and forest fires each year. However, some scientists reveal the positive aspects of lightning because it releases nitrogen into the atmosphere which the raindrops then deliver to earth to fertilize our soil.
The passage suggests lightning rods are used to
- A. protect people on the ground.
- B. draw lightning away from buildings.
- C. stop lightning from starting a fire.
- D. lessen the blink of lightning.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: stop lightning from starting a fire.
Rationale:
1. The passage states that lightning rods protect buildings by forming a low resistance path for lightning, preventing it from entering the building.
2. By providing a path for lightning to follow, lightning rods reduce the risk of lightning striking a building and starting a fire.
3. Lightning rods do not protect people on the ground (choice A), draw lightning away from buildings (choice B), or lessen the blink of lightning (choice D) as their primary purpose is to provide a safe path for lightning to disperse without causing damage.
Nurseries: If you thought nurseries were just for babies, well, think again! Being special kinds of farms, nurseries are used to raise plants in mass quantities. Plants, trees, and shrubs are typically grown in nurseries and then sold to farmers and gardeners to plant in homes, businesses, and farms. Most nurseries are found in the more rural parts of the country because much land is required to have a viable nursery. If a nursery sells plants to others, it must obtain a special permit from the local city or county, which keeps the competition fair and does not saturate the market with a large number of nurseries selling similar products.
Also on the grounds of nurseries are greenhouses which are made of glass or plastic panes that protect the plants from weather elements that may harm them and cause them not to grow and develop. The glass panels in greenhouses allow for sunlight to enter and moisture to be trapped inside. This creates a tropical environment which allows orchids and poinsettias to grow. It ensures that vegetables and fruits will grow large, which makes them valuable to farmers.
Which of these statements about the text is a fact rather than an opinion?
- A. Famers do not like to get their plants from nurseries.
- B. The best and prettiest orchids and poinsettias are grown in greenhouses.
- C. Nurseries are the best places to grow vegetables.
- D. Greenhouses create tropical conditions at nurseries.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Greenhouses create tropical conditions at nurseries.
Rationale:
1. Fact vs. Opinion: The statement that greenhouses create tropical conditions is a fact because it can be proven or observed based on the information provided in the text.
2. Text Evidence: The text mentions that greenhouses are made of glass or plastic panes that create a tropical environment, allowing orchids and poinsettias to grow.
3. Logic: Greenhouses are designed to simulate tropical conditions by allowing sunlight in and trapping moisture, which aids in the growth of specific plants.
4. Incorrect Choices:
A: This is an opinion as it generalizes the preference of farmers without factual evidence.
B: This is an opinion as "best and prettiest" are subjective terms based on personal preference.
C: This is an opinion as it states nurseries are the best places to grow vegetables without providing factual evidence.
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants, algae, and certain bacteria to convert light energy into chemical energy stored in sugar molecules. This process is fundamental to life on Earth as it provides the primary source of energy for nearly all organisms. The energy is captured from sunlight by a pigment in the plants called chlorophyll, which gives plants their green color.
During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil react in the presence of light to form sugars and oxygen. The oxygen is released into the atmosphere, which is crucial for the survival of most life forms on Earth. The sugars produced are used by the plant for energy and growth, storing excess energy as starch.
The process occurs in two main stages: the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. In the light-dependent reactions, energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and converted into stored chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. The Calvin cycle uses the ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.
Photosynthesis not only sustains plant life but also maintains the atmospheric oxygen levels and is a key factor in the carbon cycle, helping to regulate Earth's climate.
Why is photosynthesis important for life on Earth?
- A. It helps plants grow faster
- B. It maintains atmospheric oxygen levels
- C. It increases water availability in the soil
- D. It decreases carbon dioxide levels
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Photosynthesis is crucial for life on Earth because it maintains atmospheric oxygen levels. During photosynthesis, plants, algae, and certain bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy stored in sugars, releasing oxygen into the atmosphere. This oxygen is essential for the survival of most life forms on Earth. While photosynthesis does support plant growth and energy storage, its primary significance lies in its role in oxygen production, which is vital for sustaining life on our planet.