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What is the major difference between managers and leaders?
- A. Leaders usually have legitimate power.
- B. Leaders do not necessarily make good managers.
- C. Managers are not always leaders.
- D. Managers always have legitimate power.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because managers always have legitimate power. This is due to their formal position within an organization, giving them the authority to make decisions, allocate resources, and direct the work of subordinates. This power is typically designated by the organization's hierarchy and structure.
Choice A is incorrect because leaders can possess different types of power, such as referent or expert power, not just legitimate power.
Choice B is incorrect because while leaders and managers have distinct roles, some individuals can excel in both capacities.
Choice C is incorrect because managers are expected to exhibit leadership qualities in addition to their managerial responsibilities.
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In order to minimize or avoid negative outcomes as a result of the violation and disciplinary action, the employee should offer which of the following?
- A. Excuses
- B. Discipline
- C. Suggestions
- D. Rules
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Suggestions. When faced with a violation and disciplinary action, offering suggestions demonstrates a proactive approach towards resolving the issue. Suggestions show a willingness to improve and prevent future violations. Excuses (A) are not productive and can come off as deflecting responsibility. Discipline (B) is typically enforced by the employer as a consequence of the violation, not offered by the employee. Rules (D) are guidelines to follow and should already be in place, but offering suggestions on how to adhere to them better is more beneficial.
A 28-year-old male patient with type 1 diabetes reports how he manages his exercise and glucose control. Which behavior indicates that the nurse should implement additional teaching?
- A. The patient always carries hard candies when engaging in exercise.
- B. The patient goes for a vigorous walk when his glucose is 200 mg/dL.
- C. The patient has a peanut butter sandwich before going for a bicycle ride.
- D. The patient increases daily exercise when ketones are present in the urine.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Increasing exercise when ketones are present can worsen diabetic ketoacidosis. A patient should not exercise with ketones in urine. Carrying candies for exercise (A) helps manage low blood sugar. Going for a walk with a glucose of 200 mg/dL (B) can help lower blood sugar. Eating a sandwich before exercise (C) provides fuel.
A middle adult client tells the nurse, 'I feel so useless now that my children do not need me anymore.' Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
- A. Validate the client's feelings by saying, 'People in middle adulthood often find satisfaction in nurturing and guiding young people.'
- B. Encourage the client to explore the reasons behind feeling useless.
- C. Reassure the client by saying, 'You should be proud that your children are becoming independent.'
- D. Provide information by saying, 'Most people are happy when their children grow up and leave home.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it validates the client's feelings by acknowledging the common experience of middle adults feeling a sense of purpose through nurturing others. This response shows empathy and understanding, which can help the client feel heard and supported.
Choice B is incorrect because it immediately delves into exploring the reasons behind the feelings without first acknowledging or validating them. This approach may come off as dismissive or insensitive.
Choice C is incorrect because it brushes off the client's feelings by emphasizing the positive aspect of children becoming independent, without addressing the client's emotional distress.
Choice D is incorrect because it makes a generalization about happiness related to children leaving home without directly addressing the client's specific feelings of uselessness. It does not acknowledge or validate the client's emotions.
A 32-year-old patient with diabetes is starting on intensive insulin therapy. Which type of insulin will the nurse discuss using for mealtime coverage?
- A. Lispro (Humalog)
- B. Glargine (Lantus)
- C. Detemir (Levemir)
- D. NPH (Humulin N)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lispro (Humalog). Lispro is a rapid-acting insulin that is ideal for mealtime coverage in intensive insulin therapy because it mimics the body's natural insulin response after a meal, providing quick and effective blood sugar control. Lispro has a rapid onset of action, peaks quickly, and has a shorter duration of action compared to other types of insulin. This makes it suitable for covering the rise in blood sugar levels that occurs after meals.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B: Glargine (Lantus) is a long-acting insulin used for basal coverage, not for mealtime coverage.
C: Detemir (Levemir) is an intermediate-acting insulin used for basal coverage, not for mealtime coverage.
D: NPH (Humulin N) is an intermediate-acting insulin with a slower onset and longer duration of action, making it less suitable for mealtime coverage in intensive insulin therapy.
The complexities of the current health care delivery systems require a variety of leadership styles. Which of the following leadership styles would be most effective in this environment?
- A. Autocratic leadership
- B. Laissez-faire leadership
- C. Transactional leadership
- D. Transformational leadership
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Transformational leadership. In the current health care environment, transformational leadership is most effective as it focuses on inspiring and motivating individuals to achieve a common goal through innovation and vision. This style encourages creativity, adaptability, and collaboration, which are essential in navigating the complexities of the health care delivery systems. Transformational leaders empower their team members, foster a culture of continuous improvement, and drive positive change. Autocratic leadership (A) is too controlling, Laissez-faire leadership (B) lacks direction and accountability, and Transactional leadership (C) focuses on rewards and punishments rather than inspiring and developing individuals.