Nokea
What is the measure of the number of new cases of a disease in a specific population during a certain time period called?
- A. Prevalence
- B. Incidence
- C. Mortality rate
- D. Morbidity rate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Incidence. Incidence refers to the number of new cases of a disease in a specific population during a certain time period. Prevalence (choice A) refers to the total number of cases of a disease in a population at a specific point in time. Mortality rate (choice C) is the measure of the number of deaths in a particular population due to a specific cause. Morbidity rate (choice D) is a broader term that encompasses the incidence and prevalence of a disease in a population.
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With the present system, family planning programs at the municipal barangay levels are managed by:
- A. non-governmental organizations
- B. LGUs
- C. all these units/organizations are managing family planning programs
- D. other government organizations
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because family planning programs at the municipal barangay levels are managed by a combination of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), Local Government Units (LGUs), and other government organizations. Therefore, all these units/organizations are involved in managing family planning programs. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they individually do not capture the full scope of the entities involved in managing family planning programs at the specified levels.
Which of the following is designed to help clients reduce the risk of illness and maintain the maximum level of function?
- A. illness prevention
- B. crisis intervention
- C. rehabilitation
- D. health promotion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: health promotion.' Health promotion strategies are aimed at helping individuals reduce the risk of illness and maintain their maximum level of function by emphasizing preventive measures, healthy behaviors, and lifestyle choices. Illness prevention (choice A) focuses on specific actions to avoid illness but may not necessarily address overall function. Crisis intervention (choice B) refers to immediate assistance during emergencies rather than long-term prevention. Rehabilitation (choice C) involves restoring function after illness or injury rather than primarily focusing on preventive measures and maintaining maximum function.
As a community organizer, the PHN facilitates the planning and implementation of program subjects in the community. In the light of the PHC approach, these programs/projects should be characterized by the following except:
- A. managed by the community leaders/members
- B. managed by non-government organizations for the people to ensure success
- C. compatible with available resources
- D. developmental in nature
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the context of the PHC approach, programs should be characterized by being managed by community leaders/members (Choice A). This ensures community involvement and ownership. Programs should also be compatible with available resources (Choice C) to be sustainable and effective. Additionally, programs should be developmental in nature (Choice D), focusing on long-term improvements. Choice B is incorrect because programs should not be solely managed by non-government organizations; instead, they should be driven by the community to promote sustainability and empowerment.
When designing a home health care program for disabled children, which factor should be considered when assessing reimbursement for services from private insurance companies?
- A. greater access to any healthcare provider
- B. allowance for early discharge
- C. concern for the quality of care
- D. approval by the network healthcare provider
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When assessing reimbursement for services from private insurance companies, approval by the network healthcare provider is crucial. This approval ensures that the services provided are within the approved network, allowing for reimbursement. Choices A, B, and C are not directly related to the reimbursement process by private insurance companies. While greater access to any healthcare provider, allowance for early discharge, and concern for the quality of care are important considerations when designing a home health care program, they do not specifically impact the reimbursement process from private insurance companies.
A 4-month-old child taking digoxin (Lanoxin) has a blood pressure of 92/78; resting pulse of 78; respirations 28, and a potassium level of 4.8 mEq/L. The client is irritable and has vomited twice since the morning dose of digoxin. Which finding is most indicative of digoxin toxicity?
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Lethargy
- C. Irritability
- D. Vomiting
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bradycardia (abnormally slow heart rate) is a key sign of digoxin toxicity. In this scenario, the child's symptoms of irritability, vomiting, along with the resting pulse of 78 despite being on digoxin, suggest an impending bradycardia due to digoxin toxicity. Lethargy can also be a sign, but in this case, the child is irritable rather than lethargic. Vomiting, though a symptom, is not as specific to digoxin toxicity as bradycardia. Irritability, while present, is not the most indicative finding of digoxin toxicity compared to bradycardia.