Nokea
What is the milky-white fluid transported by the lymphatic vessels called?
- A. Plasma
- B. Blood
- C. Chyle
- D. Mucus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The milky-white fluid transported by the lymphatic vessels is called chyle. Chyle is formed in the small intestine during the digestion of fatty foods and contains a mixture of lymph and emulsified fats. Plasma is the liquid component of blood, not lymphatic fluid. Blood refers to the fluid that circulates in the cardiovascular system, not lymphatic fluid. Mucus is a slimy substance secreted by mucous membranes, not the fluid transported by lymphatic vessels.
You may also like to solve these questions
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) plays a crucial role in regulating water balance. When ADH levels are high, what happens to urine production?
- A. Urine production increases significantly
- B. Urine production decreases to conserve water
- C. There is no change in urine production
- D. The kidneys stop producing urine altogether
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When ADH levels are high, urine production decreases to conserve water. ADH acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, leading to the production of concentrated urine and conservation of water in the body. Choice A is incorrect as high ADH levels lead to increased water reabsorption, reducing urine output. Choice C is incorrect since high ADH levels do influence urine production. Choice D is incorrect as the kidneys do not stop producing urine entirely but rather adjust the reabsorption of water based on ADH levels.
What property of a substance refers to its ability to undergo a chemical change and form new substances?
- A. Density
- B. Mass
- C. Reactivity
- D. Volume
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reactivity is the property of a substance that describes its ability to undergo a chemical change and form new substances. Density (A), mass (B), and volume (D) are physical properties of a substance and do not directly relate to its ability to undergo chemical changes. Density is the measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume, mass is the amount of matter in an object, and volume is the amount of space an object occupies. Therefore, reactivity (C) is the correct answer as it specifically addresses the substance's ability to undergo chemical changes.
Which digestive enzyme is primarily responsible for breaking down proteins?
- A. Pepsin
- B. Lipase
- C. Amylase
- D. Maltase
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Pepsin. Pepsin is primarily responsible for breaking down proteins in the stomach. It is produced in an inactive form called pepsinogen, which becomes activated by the acidic environment in the stomach. Pepsin functions by breaking down proteins into smaller peptides, which are further digested by other enzymes in the small intestine. Lipase is responsible for breaking down fats, amylase for carbohydrates, and maltase for converting maltose into glucose. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are associated with breaking down fats, carbohydrates, and converting maltose, respectively, not proteins.
How can bacteria acquire new genetic material from their environment?
- A. Transformation
- B. Transduction
- C. Conjugation
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A) Transformation: Transformation is the process by which bacteria can take up free DNA from their environment and incorporate it into their own genome, leading to the acquisition of new genetic material and traits.
B) Transduction: Transduction involves the transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another by a bacteriophage, a virus that infects bacteria. The bacteriophage carries bacterial DNA from one host cell to another, facilitating the transfer of genetic material.
C) Conjugation: Conjugation is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria where genetic material is transferred between two bacterial cells in direct contact. This transfer is facilitated by a conjugative plasmid carrying the genetic information.
Therefore, all the processes mentioned (transformation, transduction, and conjugation) are ways in which bacteria can acquire new genetic material from their environment.
Which of the following is the main organ responsible for storing energy?
- A. Liver
- B. Heart
- C. Kidneys
- D. Adipose tissue
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Adipose tissue, commonly known as body fat, is the main organ responsible for storing energy in the form of triglycerides. It serves as a reserve of energy that can be utilized when needed. The liver primarily regulates glucose levels and stores glycogen for short-term energy needs but is not the main organ for long-term energy storage. The heart's main function is to pump blood throughout the body and is not involved in energy storage. The kidneys are essential for filtering blood and maintaining fluid balance but are not responsible for storing energy.