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What is the most appropriate nursing action to take when a laboring woman hyperventilates?
- A. Help her breathe into her cupped hands.
- B. Place her flat on her back.
- C. Initiate oxygen at 2 liters via mask.
- D. Notify the doctor.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Measures to combat hyperventilation include breathing into cupped hands or a paper bag or holding breath for a few seconds. All of these techniques decrease PCO2.
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How does the pain of childbirth differ from other types of pain? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Childbirth pain is part of a normal process.
- B. Childbirth pain seldom needs narcotic relief.
- C. Position changes relieve pain and facilitate delivery.
- D. Childbirth pain declines following birth.
- E. Childbirth pain is self-limited.
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Childbirth pain differs from other types of pain, because it is part of a normal, natural, and expected process, can be relieved by change of position, declines immediately following birth, and is self-limiting. Childbirth pain requires pharmacological management with narcotics in many cases.
When a pregnant woman arrives at the labor suite, she tells the nurse that she wants to have an epidural for delivery. What is a contraindication to an epidural block?
- A. Abnormal clotting
- B. Previous cesarean delivery
- C. History of migraine headaches
- D. History of diabetes mellitus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An epidural block is not used if a woman has abnormal blood clotting.
What would the nurse guide a labor coach to do to comfort a woman tensing her muscles with contractions?
- A. Offer warm liquids to the patient.
- B. Encourage the patient to pant.
- C. Engage the patient in conversation.
- D. Assist the patient to the knee-chest position.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Panting relaxes the abdominal wall and distracts the patient. It would not be helpful to offer fluids or to attempt conversation during contractions.
What breathing techniques would the nurse teach the prenatal patient to help her focus during labor in order to reduce pain? (Select all that apply.)
- A. First-stage breathing
- B. Abdominal breathing
- C. Fourth-stage breathing
- D. Modified paced breathing
- E. Patterned paced breathing
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: First-stage breathing includes the techniques of modified paced breathing and patterned paced breathing, which are types of abdominal breathing techniques. These patterns of breathing will help a woman in labor to focus and reduce pain perception. The fourth stage of labor is the woman's recovery stage and does not require a breathing technique.
What typical types of classes are available to help expectant parents prepare for parenthood? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Infant care
- B. Breastfeeding
- C. Gestational diabetes
- D. Sources of financial aid
- E. Yoga
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Prenatal classes include such topics as infant care, breastfeeding, gestational diabetes, exercising, and sibling and grandparent preparation. Yoga and financial information are not traditional content for prenatal instruction.