Nokea
What is the most common cause of acute kidney injury in children?
- A. Dehydration
- B. Glomerulonephritis
- C. Hemolytic uremic syndrome
- D. Sepsis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hemolytic uremic syndrome is the most common cause of acute kidney injury in children. While dehydration can lead to prerenal acute kidney injury, it is not the most common cause in children. Glomerulonephritis is a common cause of chronic kidney disease but not typically the most common cause of acute kidney injury in children. Sepsis can lead to acute kidney injury, but in children, hemolytic uremic syndrome is more prevalent.
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What is the priority nursing intervention for a child with epiglottitis?
- A. Administer antibiotics
- B. Maintain airway patency
- C. Provide hydration
- D. Monitor vital signs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Maintain airway patency. When dealing with a child with epiglottitis, the priority nursing intervention is to ensure airway patency to prevent airway obstruction, which can lead to respiratory distress or failure. Administering antibiotics (choice A) is important to treat the infection, but airway management takes precedence. Providing hydration (choice C) and monitoring vital signs (choice D) are essential aspects of care but are secondary to securing the airway in a child with epiglottitis.
What is the primary treatment goal for a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
- A. Pain management
- B. Cure of the disease
- C. Reduction of joint deformity
- D. Physical therapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary treatment goal for a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis is pain management. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a chronic condition with no known cure, making pain management crucial to improve the quality of life for these children. While reducing joint deformity and physical therapy are important aspects of managing the condition, the primary focus is on alleviating pain and improving function.
Which condition is characterized by a 'seal-like' barking cough in children?
- A. Croup
- B. Asthma
- C. Bronchitis
- D. Pneumonia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Croup is the correct answer. Croup is characterized by a 'seal-like' barking cough due to inflammation and narrowing of the upper airways, particularly the larynx and trachea. It is most common in young children and can cause significant respiratory distress, especially at night. Treatment often includes humidified air and corticosteroids. Asthma (choice B) typically presents with wheezing and shortness of breath, not a barking cough. Bronchitis (choice C) is characterized by productive cough with mucus, not a barking cough. Pneumonia (choice D) often presents with fever, productive cough, and chest pain, not a barking cough.
An infant is born with a gastroschisis. Care preoperatively should include which priority intervention?
- A. Prone position
- B. Sterile water feedings
- C. Monitoring serum laboratory electrolytes
- D. Covering the defect with a sterile bowel bag
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct priority intervention for an infant with gastroschisis is to cover the exposed abdominal contents with a sterile bowel bag. This action helps protect the intestines from injury, contamination, and dehydration before surgical repair. Choice A, placing the infant in the prone position, is not appropriate as it does not address the immediate need to protect the exposed intestines. Choice B, sterile water feedings, and Choice C, monitoring serum laboratory electrolytes, are not the priority interventions for this condition. Sterile water feedings may not provide the necessary protection for the exposed intestines, and monitoring electrolytes, while important, is secondary to the immediate need for protection and hydration of the exposed abdominal contents.
The nurse is preparing to admit a 10-year-old child with appendicitis. What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe?
- A. Fever
- B. Vomiting
- C. Tachycardia
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Correct! Typical signs of appendicitis include fever, vomiting, and tachycardia due to infection and inflammation. These clinical manifestations are commonly observed in patients with appendicitis. Hyperactive bowel sounds are not typically associated with appendicitis, so they are not expected findings in this situation. Therefore, the correct answer is 'All of the above.'