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What is the most common cause of cerebral palsy (CP)?
- A. Central nervous system (CNS) diseases
- B. Birth asphyxia
- C. Cerebral trauma
- D. Neonatal encephalopathy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Neonatal encephalopathy, often from unknown prenatal causes, is implicated in about 80% of CP cases, particularly in term and preterm infants. CNS diseases, birth asphyxia, and cerebral trauma contribute but are less common causes.
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The parents of an infant with cerebral palsy (CP) ask the nurse if their child will have cognitive impairment. The nurses response should be based on which knowledge?
- A. Affected children have some degree of cognitive impairment.
- B. Around 20% of affected children have normal intelligence.
- C. About 45% of affected children have normal intelligence.
- D. Cognitive impairment is expected if motor and sensory deficits are severe.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Approximately 40% to 50% of children with CP have normal intelligence, with a wide range of cognitive outcomes. Severe physical impairment does not necessarily correlate with cognitive deficits, and many have minimal intellectual compromise.
An 8-year-old girl with moderate cerebral palsy (CP) recently began joining a regular classroom for part of the day. Her mother asks the school nurse about joining the after-school Girl Scout troop. The nurses response should be based on which knowledge?
- A. Most activities such as Girl Scouts cannot be adapted for children with CP.
- B. After-school activities usually result in extreme fatigue for children with CP.
- C. Trying to participate in activities such as Girl Scouts leads to lowered self-esteem in children with CP.
- D. Recreational activities often provide children with CP with opportunities for socialization and recreation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Recreational activities like Girl Scouts enhance socialization, recreation, and self-esteem in children with CP, with adaptations available. They don?t typically cause extreme fatigue or lower self-esteem, and most activities can be modified.
An 8-year-old child is hospitalized with infectious polyneuritis (Guillain-Barré syndrome [GBS]). When explaining this disease process to the parents, what should the nurse consider?
- A. Paralysis is progressive with little hope for recovery.
- B. Disease is inherited as an autosomal, sex-linked, recessive gene.
- C. Disease results from an apparently toxic reaction to certain medications.
- D. Muscle strength slowly returns, and most children recover.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: GBS involves progressive paralysis with recovery of muscle strength starting within 2-3 weeks, with most children regaining full strength, especially younger ones. It?s immune-mediated, not inherited or medication-induced, and has a good prognosis.
During a well-child visit, the mother tells the nurse that her 4-month-old infant is constipated, is less active than usual, and has a weak-sounding cry. The nurse suspects botulism and questions the mother about the childs diet. What factor should support this diagnosis?
- A. Breastfeeding
- B. Commercial formula
- C. Infant cereal with honey
- D. Improperly sterilized bottles
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Honey ingestion is a known risk factor for infant botulism in children under 1 year, supporting the diagnosis given symptoms like constipation and weakness. Breastfeeding and formula have minimal risk, and bottle sterilization issues are unrelated to botulism.
Gingivitis is a common problem in children with cerebral palsy (CP). What preventive measure should be included in the plan of care?
- A. High-carbohydrate diet
- B. Meticulous dental hygiene
- C. Minimum use of fluoride
- D. Avoidance of medications that contribute to gingivitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Meticulous dental hygiene prevents gingivitis in CP, countering enamel defects, high-carbohydrate diets, and spasticity-related oral care challenges. Fluoride use is encouraged, and medications like phenytoin may require hygiene adjustments, not avoidance.