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What is the most common type of anesthesia used during labor?
- A. Epidural
- B. Spinal
- C. General
- D. Local
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epidural. Epidural anesthesia is the most common type used during labor because it provides pain relief while allowing the mother to remain awake and actively participate in the delivery. It works by blocking nerve signals in the lower spine, numbing the lower half of the body. This allows the mother to have a more comfortable labor experience without losing consciousness. Spinal anesthesia (B) is similar but is typically used for cesarean sections. General anesthesia (C) is rarely used during labor due to the potential risks to the baby. Local anesthesia (D) is not commonly used for labor as it only numbs a small area and is not sufficient for the pain relief needed during childbirth.
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What is the primary goal of culturally competent care in maternal and newborn healthcare?
- A. To eliminate cultural differences
- B. To promote health equity
- C. To prioritize the healthcare provider's cultural background
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To promote health equity. Culturally competent care in maternal and newborn healthcare aims to ensure that all individuals receive the same level of care regardless of their cultural background. This promotes health equity by reducing disparities in healthcare access and outcomes. Choice A is incorrect because cultural competence embraces and respects cultural differences rather than eliminating them. Choice C is incorrect as the focus should be on the patient's cultural background, not the provider's. Choice D is incorrect as not all options align with the primary goal of culturally competent care.
Which stage of labor is characterized by the period between the onset of regular uterine contractions and full cervical dilation?
- A. First stage
- B. Second stage
- C. Third stage
- D. Fourth stage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The first stage of labor begins with the onset of regular contractions and ends with full cervical dilation.
Complete the diagram by dragging from the choices below to specify what condition the client is most likely experiencing, 2 actions the nurse should take to address that condition, and 2 parameters the nurse should monitor to assess the client's progress.
- A. Insert a peripher-all access device, Perform daily fetal movement counts, Prepare client for surgery
- B. Ectopic pregnancy, Hyperemesis gravidarum, Gestational diabetes mellitus
- C. Urine ketones, Kleihauer-Betke values,Serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels
Correct Answer:
Rationale:
A nurse on an antepartum unit is caring for four clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse identify as the priority?
- A. A client who has gestational diabetes and a fasting blood glucose level of 120 mg/dL (less than 95 mg/dL).
- B. A client who is at 34 weeks of gestation and reports epigastric pain.
- C. A client who is at 28 weeks of gestation and has an Hgb of 10.4 g/dL (11 to 16 g/dL).
- D. A client who is at 39 weeks of gestation and reports urinary frequency and dysuria.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Epigastric pain in a pregnant client can be a sign of preeclampsia or HELLP syndrome, both of which are serious conditions that require immediate medical attention.
A nurse is reviewing laboratory findings for a client who is at 20 weeks of gestation. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. Hematocrit 37% (37% to 47%)
- B. Creatinine 0.9 mg/dL (0.5 to 1 mg/dL)
- C. WBC count 11,000/mm3 (5,000 to 10,000/mm3)
- D. Fasting blood glucose 180 mg/dL (74 to 106 mg/dL)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Fasting blood glucose 180 mg/dL (74 to 106 mg/dL). Elevated fasting blood glucose levels during pregnancy can indicate gestational diabetes, which requires immediate attention to prevent complications for both the mother and the baby. The normal range for fasting blood glucose is 74 to 106 mg/dL; a value of 180 mg/dL is significantly elevated. The nurse should report this finding to the provider for further evaluation and management.
Choice A (Hematocrit 37%) falls within the normal range for a pregnant woman. Choice B (Creatinine 0.9 mg/dL) is within the normal range. Choice C (WBC count 11,000/mm3) is slightly elevated but not typically concerning during pregnancy. The focus should be on managing the high blood glucose level to ensure the health of the mother and baby.