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What is the most critical sign of fetal distress during labor?
- A. Accelerations in fetal heart rate
- B. Decreased variability in fetal heart rate
- C. Early decelerations in fetal heart rate
- D. Late decelerations in fetal heart rate
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Late decelerations in fetal heart rate. Late decelerations indicate uteroplacental insufficiency, where the fetus is not receiving enough oxygen during contractions. This is critical as it can lead to fetal hypoxia and acidosis, posing a risk to the baby's well-being. Early decelerations (C) are generally benign and result from head compression during contractions. Accelerations (A) are a reassuring sign indicating fetal well-being. Decreased variability (B) can be concerning but is not as critical as late decelerations in indicating fetal distress.
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The nurse is teaching a client about postpartum care. Which statement indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I will avoid heavy lifting for 6 weeks.
- B. It’s normal to have heavy bleeding for 4 weeks.
- C. I will call my doctor if I develop a fever.
- D. I should continue taking my prenatal vitamins.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because heavy bleeding for 4 weeks postpartum is abnormal and could indicate a complication. The client should seek medical attention if experiencing heavy bleeding beyond the normal range. Choices A, C, and D are all correct statements for postpartum care. A - avoiding heavy lifting helps prevent strain on healing tissues, C - fever could indicate infection, and D - continuing prenatal vitamins supports postpartum recovery.
What does intimate partner violence refer to?
- A. violence that occurs in public spaces, such as streets or parks, between acquaintances or strangers
- B. violence or abuse that occurs within a relationship, involving physical assault, sexual violence, emotional or psychologic abuse, controlling behaviors, and economic abuse
- C. violence primarily directed toward children by their parents or guardians
- D. violence that is limited to verbal arguments and does not involve physical harm
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because intimate partner violence refers to violence or abuse that occurs within a relationship, involving various forms of abuse like physical assault, sexual violence, emotional or psychological abuse, controlling behaviors, and economic abuse. This definition specifically highlights the nature of violence within the context of intimate relationships, distinguishing it from violence that occurs in public spaces (choice A), violence directed toward children (choice C), or limited to verbal arguments without physical harm (choice D). Choice A is incorrect as it focuses on violence between acquaintances or strangers in public spaces. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to violence toward children. Choice D is incorrect as it excludes physical harm, which is often a significant aspect of intimate partner violence.
A client in her third trimester complains of Braxton
- A. Report any stools that appear to have milk Hicks contractions. Which of the following interven- curds immediately to the infant's health care tions would help with this type of pain? Select all that provider. apply.
- B. Stools will change from green to yellowish brown
- C. Drink four to six glasses of water per day. to golden yellow over the next several days.
- D. Rest until the contractions subside.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Rest until the contractions subside. During Braxton Hicks contractions, rest can help alleviate the discomfort. It allows the body to relax and reduces the intensity of the contractions. Other options are incorrect because:
A: Reporting stools with milk curds to the infant's healthcare provider is unrelated to Braxton Hicks contractions.
B: Stool color changes are irrelevant to managing Braxton Hicks contractions.
C: Drinking water is important for overall health during pregnancy but does not directly address Braxton Hicks contractions.
In addition to the bolus of fluid which medication should she be given to increase blood pressure?
- A. Ephedrine
- B. Terbutaline
- C. Epinephrine
- D. Epifoam
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ephedrine. Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine that acts on alpha and beta adrenergic receptors to increase blood pressure. It is commonly used to treat hypotension. Terbutaline (B) and Epinephrine (C) are bronchodilators that can lower blood pressure. Epifoam (D) is a topical medication for skin conditions and does not affect blood pressure. Therefore, Ephedrine is the most appropriate choice to increase blood pressure in this scenario.
A nurse is a prenatal clinic is completing a skin assessment for a pregnant client in the second trimester. Which clinical findings should the nurse expect (select all that apply)?
- A. Eczema
- B. Psoriasis C.Linea nigra
- C. Chloasma
- D. Striae gravidarum C, D, E
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Linea nigra. During the second trimester of pregnancy, hormonal changes can lead to the development of Linea nigra, a dark vertical line that appears on the abdomen. This is a common skin change in pregnant women.
Explanation:
1. Eczema (choice A) and Psoriasis (choice B) are chronic skin conditions that are not typically associated with pregnancy. These conditions are not expected findings during the second trimester.
2. Chloasma (choice C) is also known as the "mask of pregnancy" and presents as dark patches on the face. This is a common skin change during pregnancy, especially in the second trimester.
3. Striae gravidarum (choice D) are stretch marks that may develop on the abdomen, breasts, and thighs during pregnancy. While this is a common skin change in pregnancy, it is not one of the expected findings in the second trimester according to the question.
In summary, the correct