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What is the MOST effective way to prevent cardiopulmonary arrest in a newborn?
- A. Ensure effective oxygenation and ventilation.
- B. Administer blow-by oxygen as soon as the newborn is born.
- C. Perform an Apgar assessment every 5 minutes.
- D. Suction the newborn's mouth and nose every 3 minutes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most effective way to prevent cardiopulmonary arrest in a newborn is to ensure effective oxygenation and ventilation. This is crucial in maintaining adequate oxygen supply and preventing respiratory distress or failure, which are significant factors leading to cardiopulmonary arrest. Providing appropriate ventilation support and oxygenation can help sustain the newborn's vital functions and reduce the risk of cardiopulmonary compromise.
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You are caring for a 6-year-old child with a possible fractured arm and have reason to believe that the child was abused. How should you manage this situation?
- A. Inform the parents of your suspicions.
- B. Transport the child to the hospital regardless of the parents' wishes.
- C. Call the police and have the parents arrested.
- D. Advise the parents that the child needs to be transported.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In cases where child abuse is suspected, the priority is the safety and well-being of the child. Advising the parents that the child needs to be transported for further evaluation and care is the appropriate initial step. This ensures that the child receives necessary medical attention while also addressing the suspicion of abuse through proper channels. It is essential to involve appropriate authorities and follow established procedures to protect the child and investigate any potential abuse further.
What percentage of total body surface area has been burned in a 5-year-old child who experienced partial-thickness burns to his head, anterior chest, and both upper extremities?
- A. 45%
- B. 63%
- C. 72%
- D. 54%
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Which of the following statements regarding pediatric anatomy is correct?
- A. The child's trachea is more rigid and less prone to collapse.
- B. The occiput is proportionately larger when compared to an adult.
- C. Airway obstruction is common in children due to their large uvula.
- D. Relative to the overall size of the airway, a child's epiglottis is smaller.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Which of the following is the MOST detrimental effect of gastric distention in infants and children?
- A. Tracheal rupture.
- B. Less effective chest compressions.
- C. Decreased ventilatory volume.
- D. Acute rupture of the diaphragm.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gastric distention in infants and children can lead to a decrease in ventilatory volume. This occurs because the distended stomach can limit the movement of the diaphragm, reducing its ability to contract and expand the chest cavity effectively. As a result, the amount of air entering and leaving the lungs is decreased, impacting ventilation. Tracheal rupture, acute rupture of the diaphragm, and less effective chest compressions are not typically associated with gastric distention.
You are dispatched to a residence where an 8-year-old boy was pulled from a swimming pool. When you arrive, a neighbor is performing rescue breathing on the child. After confirming that the child is not breathing, you should:
- A. begin chest compressions and reassess in 2 minutes.
- B. assess for a carotid pulse for no more than 10 seconds.
- C. tell the neighbor to continue rescue breathing as you apply the AED.
- D. ask the neighbor how long the child was submerged under the water.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In cases of drowning, it is crucial to assess for a carotid pulse for no more than 10 seconds to determine if chest compressions are needed. This quick assessment helps determine the next steps in providing appropriate care to the patient. Performing chest compressions without confirming the need may not be beneficial and could potentially harm the patient if unnecessary.