Nokea
What is the most important function of carbohydrates?
- A. Store and provide energy for the body
- B. Create amino acids
- C. Maintain body temperature
- D. Insulate body organs against shock
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most important function of carbohydrates is to store and provide energy for the body through metabolic processes. Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is used as the primary source of energy for various cellular functions. Choice B is incorrect because amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, not directly created by carbohydrates. Choice C is incorrect as the regulation of body temperature is primarily controlled by mechanisms such as sweating and shivering, not carbohydrates. Choice D is incorrect as insulation of body organs against shock is mainly provided by adipose tissue, not carbohydrates.
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In DNA, the nucleotide base adenine always binds with which of the following?
- A. Guanine
- B. Uracil
- C. Thymine
- D. Cytosine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to convert all except which of the following into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds?
- A. Minerals
- B. Water
- C. Carbon dioxide
- D. Metals
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is utilized to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds like glucose. Minerals play a role in plant growth but are not directly converted during photosynthesis. Metals are not part of the photosynthesis process, making them the correct answer. Therefore, the correct choice is D. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as minerals, water, and carbon dioxide are involved in the photosynthesis process.
During cellular respiration, glycolysis takes place in the cytosol and produces how many molecules of ATP, pyruvate, and NADH?
- A. two, two, two
- B. two, four, two
- C. two, four, four
- D. four, four, four
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glycolysis, the first step of cellular respiration, takes place in the cytosol and produces two molecules each of ATP, pyruvate, and NADH. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Choice B is incorrect as glycolysis produces two ATP molecules, not four. Choice C is incorrect as it incorrectly states that glycolysis produces four molecules of pyruvate and NADH. Choice D is incorrect because glycolysis produces two molecules of ATP, not four.
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
- A. RNA has an extra Phosphate group
- B. DNA has one less oxygen than RNA
- C. RNA has one less oxygen than DNA
- D. DNA has an extra sugar molecule
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. DNA has one less oxygen atom in its sugar molecule (deoxyribose) compared to RNA, which has a ribose sugar. Choice A is incorrect because RNA does not have an extra phosphate group. Choice C is incorrect as RNA actually has one more oxygen atom than DNA. Choice D is incorrect as DNA and RNA have different sugar molecules, with DNA having deoxyribose and RNA having ribose.
What cell structure is responsible for efficiently packaging DNA into a small volume to fit into the nucleus of a cell and protect the DNA structure and sequence?
- A. Golgi apparatus
- B. Chromatin
- C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- D. Mitochondria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chromatin is the correct answer. Chromatin is responsible for packaging DNA into a more compact, dense structure to fit into the nucleus and protect the DNA. The Golgi apparatus is involved in processing and packaging proteins, not DNA. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell responsible for energy production, not DNA packaging.