ATI Nursing Care of Children 2019 B

ATI Nursing Care of Children 2019 B Related

Review ATI Nursing Care of Children 2019 B related questions and content

What is the most important intervention in the management of a child with sickle cell crisis?

  • A. Administration of iron supplements
  • B. Initiation of high-calorie diet
  • C. Administration of pain relief
  • D. Limiting fluid intake
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most important intervention in managing a child with sickle cell crisis is the administration of pain relief. During a sickle cell crisis, severe pain is a prominent symptom due to vaso-occlusive episodes. Effective pain management, along with adequate hydration and oxygen therapy, is crucial in treating a sickle cell crisis and preventing further complications.

Choice A, the administration of iron supplements, is not the priority during a sickle cell crisis. Iron supplements are typically used to manage anemia in individuals with sickle cell disease but are not the primary intervention during a crisis.

Choice B, the initiation of a high-calorie diet, is not the most critical intervention during a sickle cell crisis. While proper nutrition is important in managing sickle cell disease, it is not the immediate priority during a crisis.

Choice D, limiting fluid intake, is not recommended during a sickle cell crisis. Hydration is essential in managing sickle cell crisis to prevent complications like dehydration and further vaso-occlusive episodes.

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What signs or symptoms are most commonly associated with the prodromal phase of acute viral hepatitis?

  • A. Bruising and lethargy
  • B. Anorexia and malaise
  • C. Fatigability and jaundice
  • D. Dark urine and pale stools
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Anorexia and malaise. The prodromal phase of acute viral hepatitis is characterized by nonspecific symptoms such as anorexia (loss of appetite) and malaise (general feeling of discomfort). These symptoms typically precede the more specific signs of jaundice, dark urine, and pale stools that manifest in the icteric phase. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because bruising and lethargy, fatigability and jaundice, and dark urine and pale stools are typically seen in later stages of acute viral hepatitis, not in the prodromal phase.

What is the most common cause of acute kidney injury in children?

  • A. Dehydration
  • B. Glomerulonephritis
  • C. Hemolytic uremic syndrome
  • D. Sepsis
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hemolytic uremic syndrome is the most common cause of acute kidney injury in children. While dehydration can lead to prerenal acute kidney injury, it is not the most common cause in children. Glomerulonephritis is a common cause of chronic kidney disease but not typically the most common cause of acute kidney injury in children. Sepsis can lead to acute kidney injury, but in children, hemolytic uremic syndrome is more prevalent.

What is the most appropriate action for a healthcare provider if a child presents with suspected meningitis?

  • A. Administer antibiotics immediately
  • B. Perform a lumbar puncture
  • C. Isolate the child
  • D. Obtain a complete blood count
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Isolating the child is a priority to prevent the spread of infection until meningitis is confirmed or ruled out. Meningitis, particularly bacterial, is highly contagious and can lead to outbreaks if not properly managed. Isolation and prompt treatment are critical in preventing serious complications. Administering antibiotics immediately without confirmation of the diagnosis can be harmful if the cause is viral or non-infectious. Performing a lumbar puncture is a diagnostic procedure that should be done by a healthcare provider but is not the initial action when suspecting meningitis. Obtaining a complete blood count may be part of the diagnostic workup but is not the most appropriate initial action in suspected meningitis.

A child has been diagnosed with a Wilms tumor. What should preoperative nursing care include?

  • A. Careful bathing and handling
  • B. Monitoring of behavioral status
  • C. Maintenance of strict isolation
  • D. Administration of packed red blood cells
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Careful bathing and handling. Preoperative care for a child with a Wilms tumor should focus on preventing any trauma to the abdomen, which could lead to tumor rupture. Monitoring behavioral status and maintaining strict isolation are not as critical in this situation. Behavioral status is important but not a priority in preoperative care for a Wilms tumor. Strict isolation is not necessary unless there are specific infectious concerns, which is not typically the case for a Wilms tumor. Administration of packed red blood cells is not a standard preoperative intervention for Wilms tumor.

An infant with short bowel syndrome will be on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for an extended period of time. What should the nurse monitor the infant for?

  • A. Central venous catheter infection, electrolyte losses, and hyperglycemia
  • B. Hypoglycemia, catheter migration, and weight gain
  • C. Venous thrombosis, hyperlipidemia, and constipation
  • D. Catheter damage, red currant jelly stools, and hypoglycemia
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Infants with short bowel syndrome requiring prolonged total parenteral nutrition (TPN) are susceptible to central venous catheter infections, electrolyte losses, and hyperglycemia. Monitoring for these complications is crucial to prevent serious outcomes. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the common complications associated with prolonged TPN in infants.

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