Nokea
What is the most lethal complication of a peptic ulcer?
- A. Bleeding
- B. Perforation
- C. Severe pain
- D. Gastric outlet obstruction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Perforation is considered the most lethal complication of peptic ulcer. Bleeding may occur when the ulcer erodes into a blood vessel; however, perforation occurs when the ulcer crater penetrates the entire thickness of the wall of the stomach or duodenum. Gastric outlet obstruction can occur at any time and can be relieved by NG aspiration of stomach contents.
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Which will the nurse include when reinforcing the teaching plan for a patient with a hiatal hernia to reduce the frequency of heartburn?
- A. Drinking 10 oz of milk with every meal
- B. Lie down after eating
- C. Panting through mouth when symptoms begin
- D. Eating small meals
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Taking care not to overeat is the best defense against pyrosis (heartburn) for the person with a hiatal hernia.
What should a nurse do when obtaining a stool specimen to be examined for ova and parasites?
- A. Use an oil retention enema to facilitate collection.
- B. Refrigerate the specimen immediately.
- C. Obtain three different stool specimens on subsequent days.
- D. Check the specimen for the presence of occult blood.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diagnosing a parasitic infection requires three different stool specimens on subsequent days. Use only normal saline or tap water enemas to prevent alteration of results.
A patient who is being evaluated for episodes of hematemesis and dyspepsia tells the nurse that pain occurs when he eats, but pain does not waken him. The nurse recognizes a diagnostic sign of which condition?
- A. Duodenal ulcer
- B. Gastritis
- C. Achalasia
- D. Peptic ulcer
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A significant subjective data assessment for a peptic ulcer is the patient report that pain is associated with eating. With duodenal ulcers the patient often complains of pain 1 to 2 hours after eating.
Why are peptic ulcers a common problem of aging?
- A. Older adults develop esophageal diverticula
- B. Older adults have a higher incidence of hiatal hernia
- C. Older adults use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to treat chronic joint conditions
- D. Older adults have decreased secretion of hydrochloric acid from the parietal cells of the stomach.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Medications such as aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) taken for arthritis or degenerative joint conditions may contribute to ulcer formation.
The nurse takes into consideration that long-term use of antibiotics can cause an antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis from the organism
- A. Clostridium difficile
Correct Answer: Clostridium difficile
Rationale: C. difficile causes a type of colitis from long-term antibiotic use to which older adults are extremely susceptible.