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What is the most useful application of ultrasonography for diagnostic examination?
- A. dense organs, such as bones.
- B. air-filled organs, such as lungs.
- C. soft internal structures, such as fetuses.
- D. microscopic structures.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ultrasonography is a medical imaging technique that uses sound waves to visualize internal body structures. It is particularly effective for examining soft tissues like organs, blood vessels, and fetuses. Choice A is incorrect because bones are better visualized using techniques like X-rays. Choice B is incorrect as air-filled organs like lungs are not well visualized with ultrasound due to air being a poor conductor of sound waves. Choice D is incorrect since ultrasonography cannot visualize structures at a microscopic level, as it is used for larger internal structures.
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Are the oral, nasal, orbital, and middle ear cavities in the dorsal cavity?
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. Not Sure
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is False. The oral, nasal, orbital, and middle ear cavities are actually part of the ventral cavity, not the dorsal cavity. The dorsal cavity contains the cranial and spinal cavities, while the ventral cavity includes the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities. Therefore, these structures are located in the ventral cavity, not the dorsal cavity. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because these structures are not situated in the dorsal cavity.
Most of the terminology to name and describe body parts and their functions comes from
- A. Latin and Greek.
- B. English and Italian.
- C. Pictures drawn on the cave walls of our ancestors.
- D. The language of hunter-gatherers.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Latin and Greek. Medical terminology is largely derived from Latin and Greek roots. These languages have been foundational in the development of medical terminology due to the precision and descriptive nature of their vocabulary. Choice B, English and Italian, is incorrect because while some medical terms may have originated from these languages, the majority come from Latin and Greek. Choices C and D, pictures drawn on the cave walls of our ancestors and the language of hunter-gatherers, are both incorrect as they do not align with the historical origins of medical terminology.
When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following is not true?
- A. The head is facing to the front.
- B. The palms are facing forward.
- C. The body is erect.
- D. The upper limbs are at the sides.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the anatomical position, the palms are facing forward, not backward. Choice A is correct because the head is indeed facing to the front. Choice C is correct as the body is erect. Choice D is correct as the upper limbs are positioned at the sides. Therefore, the incorrect statement is that the palms are facing forward.
The removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions is
- A. metabolism.
- B. absorption.
- C. assimilation.
- D. excretion.
Correct Answer: D.
Rationale: The correct answer is 'excretion.' Excretion is the process of eliminating waste products produced by metabolic reactions from the body. Metabolism (Choice A) refers to the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life. Absorption (Choice B) is the process of taking in nutrients and fluids into the body. Assimilation (Choice C) is the process of absorbing and incorporating nutrients into the body after digestion. Therefore, excretion is the most appropriate term for the removal of metabolic wastes.
When does cell death first occur?
- A. At age 60.
- B. At age 50.
- C. At puberty.
- D. In the fetus.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cell death, also known as apoptosis, first occurs during fetal development when specific cells are programmed to die. This process is essential for shaping and organizing tissues and organs. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because cell death begins much earlier, during fetal development, rather than later in life or at puberty. Understanding the timing of cell death in different stages of life is crucial in developmental biology.