Nokea
What is the name of a condition where the heart rate is 118 beats per minute (bpm)?
- A. Tachycardia
- B. Apnea
- C. Bradycardia
- D. Tachypnea
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tachycardia. Tachycardia is a condition characterized by a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate, typically above 100 bpm. In this case, a heart rate of 118 bpm falls within the range of tachycardia. Apnea (choice B) refers to the temporary cessation of breathing, not related to heart rate. Bradycardia (choice C) is a condition of an abnormally slow heart rate, opposite of the given heart rate. Tachypnea (choice D) is an abnormally rapid breathing rate, not related to heart rate.
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What is the pathway of oxygenated blood from the lungs?
- A. Lungs to the left atrium, through the mitral valve into the left ventricle, pumped into the aorta upon contraction, then dispersed to tissues via a network of arteries and capillaries
- B. Lungs to the right atrium, through the mitral valve into the right ventricle, pumped into the aorta upon contraction, then dispersed to tissues via a network of arteries and veins
- C. Lungs to the left atrium, directly to the right aorta, then dispersed to tissues via a network of arteries and capillaries
- D. Lungs to the left atrium, through the septal valve, stored in the left ventricles, then dispersed to tissues via a network of arteries and capillaries
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct pathway of oxygenated blood from the lungs is as follows: Oxygenated blood travels from the lungs to the left atrium, then passes through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. From there, it is pumped into the aorta upon contraction of the heart and is then dispersed to various tissues throughout the body via a network of arteries and capillaries. Choice B is incorrect as it incorrectly mentions the right atrium and ventricle, which are associated with deoxygenated blood. Choice C is incorrect as it mentions a direct connection to the right aorta, which does not exist in the circulatory system. Choice D is incorrect as it refers to the septal valve (which is not anatomically correct) and storing blood in the left ventricle, which does not occur in the normal circulation of blood.
When human cells divide by meiosis, how many chromosomes do the resulting cells contain?
- A. 96
- B. 54
- C. 46
- D. 23
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When human cells divide by meiosis, the resulting cells contain 23 chromosomes. This is because meiosis is a cell division process that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in cells with a haploid number of chromosomes. In humans, the diploid number of chromosomes is 46. Therefore, after meiosis, the resulting cells have 23 chromosomes, ensuring the correct chromosome number is restored upon fertilization. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not represent the correct chromosome number resulting from meiosis in human cells.
Which of the following is true regarding T cells?
- A. They are only seen in individuals with leukemia.
- B. They are a specialized type of white blood cell.
- C. They mature in the thymus.
- D. They play a role in the immune response.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: T cells are a specialized type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the immune response. They are produced in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus gland. T cells help coordinate and regulate the immune response to pathogens and foreign substances by interacting with other immune cells. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. T cells are not exclusively seen in individuals with leukemia; they are a normal component of the immune system found in healthy individuals. While it is true that T cells are a specialized type of white blood cell, the key characteristic being tested in this question is their role in the immune response. Lastly, T cells do mature in the thymus, but this alone does not encompass the full scope of their function in the immune system.
Which of the following is NOT one of the major types of bones in the human body?
- A. Dense bone
- B. Long bone
- C. Short bone
- D. Irregular bone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Dense bone'. Dense bone is not a classification of bone types in the human body. The major types of bones include long, short, flat, and irregular bones. Long bones, like the femur, are characterized by being longer than they are wide. Short bones, such as those in the wrist (carpals) and ankle (tarsals), are generally cube-shaped. Flat bones, like the skull or scapula, are thin and provide protection. Irregular bones, such as the vertebrae, have complex shapes that do not fit into the other categories.
Which statement below best describes the process of condensation?
- A. Condensation is the process of changing from a gas to a liquid.
- B. Condensation is the process of changing from a liquid to a gas.
- C. Condensation is the process of changing from a solid to a liquid.
- D. Condensation is the process of changing from a solid to a gas.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Condensation is the process of changing from a gas to a liquid.' Condensation occurs when a gas cools and transforms into a liquid state. For example, when water vapor in the air cools and forms droplets, it is an example of condensation. This process is commonly observed in the formation of clouds or dew on grass in the early morning. Choice B is incorrect because it describes the process of vaporization rather than condensation. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to the process of melting. Choice D is incorrect as it describes sublimation, which is the transition from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid phase.