Nokea
What is the name of the strong acid produced by the stomach to help break down food?
- A. Hydrochloric acid
- B. Lactic acid
- C. Bile
- D. Fatty acid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, hydrochloric acid. The stomach produces hydrochloric acid to aid in the digestion process by breaking down food, particularly proteins. This acid is crucial for the proper absorption of nutrients in the stomach. Lactic acid is produced in muscles during intense exercise, not in the stomach. Bile is produced by the liver to assist in digestion, primarily in the small intestine, not in the stomach. Fatty acids are molecules found in fats with different functions in the body, but they are not the primary acid produced by the stomach for digestion.
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What is the primary function of nervous tissue?
- A. Movement
- B. Protection
- C. Communication and coordination
- D. Nutrient transport
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary function of nervous tissue is communication and coordination within the body. Nervous tissue is composed of neurons that transmit electrical signals and supporting cells known as neuroglia. Movement is primarily controlled by the muscular system, protection is mainly provided by the skeletal system and immune system, and nutrient transport is carried out by the circulatory system. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the primary function of nervous tissue.
Which of the following is a unit of measurement for energy?
- A. Watt (W)
- B. Joule (J)
- C. Newton (N)
- D. Kilogram (kg)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The unit of measurement for energy is the Joule (J). Energy is defined as the capacity to do work or produce heat, and the Joule is the standard unit used to measure energy in the International System of Units (SI). A Watt (A) is a unit of power, measured in joules per second, Newton (C) is a unit of force, and Kilogram (D) is a unit of mass. The Joule (J) is the appropriate unit for quantifying energy, making it the correct answer in this context.
Which sexually transmitted infection (STI) can potentially cause infertility in both men and women if left untreated?
- A. Human papillomavirus (HPV)
- B. Chlamydia
- C. Gonorrhea
- D. Syphilis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chlamydia is the correct answer because if left untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women and epididymitis in men, both of which can cause infertility. Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection that often presents with no symptoms, making it important for individuals to get tested regularly, especially if they are sexually active. It is crucial to detect and treat Chlamydia early to prevent long-term consequences such as infertility. Human papillomavirus (HPV) can lead to genital warts and certain types of cancer but is not typically associated with infertility. Gonorrhea and syphilis can cause serious health problems if untreated, but infertility is more commonly associated with Chlamydia.
Which type of tissue is characterized by tightly packed cells with minimal extracellular matrix and provides structural support and protection?
- A. Epithelial tissue
- B. Connective tissue
- C. Muscle tissue
- D. Nervous tissue
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Epithelial tissue is the correct answer as it aligns with the description provided in the question. Epithelial tissue is characterized by tightly packed cells with minimal extracellular matrix, which allows it to form protective barriers on the body's surface and line internal organs, providing structural support and protection. Connective tissue, while important for support and connection between tissues and organs, does not fit the description in the question of being tightly packed with minimal extracellular matrix. Muscle tissue is responsible for movement, and nervous tissue transmits signals throughout the body, neither of which are primarily involved in providing structural support and protection as described. Therefore, based on the characteristics described in the question, epithelial tissue best fits the description of tissue that provides structural support and protection.
What is the fatty sheath that insulates some nerve fibers and speeds up signal transmission called?
- A. Myelin sheath
- B. Dura mater
- C. Pia mater
- D. Arachnoid mater
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Myelin sheath. The myelin sheath is a fatty layer that surrounds and insulates some nerve fibers, facilitating the rapid transmission of signals along the nerve fibers. Choices B, C, and D (Dura mater, Pia mater, and Arachnoid mater) are layers of the meninges, protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. The primary function of the meninges is to protect and support the central nervous system, not to insulate nerve fibers for signal transmission.