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What is the nurse's best response?
- A. Squatting increases the return of venous blood back to the heart.
- B. Squatting decreases arterial blood flow away from the heart.
- C. Squatting is a common resting position when a child is tachycardic.
- D. Squatting increases the workload of the heart.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Squatting in tetralogy of Fallot increases venous return, improving systemic circulation and reducing cyanosis.
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On what understanding does the nurse base a response?
- A. Clubbing occurs as a result of untreated congestive heart failure.
- B. Clubbing occurs as a result of a left-to-right shunting of blood.
- C. Clubbing occurs as a result of decreased cardiac output.
- D. Clubbing occurs as a result of chronic hypoxia.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chronic hypoxia in tetralogy of Fallot leads to clubbing of the fingertips due to prolonged low oxygen levels.
Which comment made by a parent of a 1-month-old infant would alert the nurse about the presence of a congenital heart defect?
- A. He is always hungry.'
- B. He tires out during feedings.'
- C. He is fussy for several hours every day.'
- D. He sleeps all the time.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fatigue during feedings is a common sign of congenital heart defects due to increased cardiac workload.
What does the nurse recognize as a sign of digoxin toxicity?
- A. Restlessness
- B. Decreased respiratory rate
- C. Increased urinary output
- D. Vomiting
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vomiting is a common sign of digoxin toxicity, along with nausea, anorexia, and pulse irregularities.
What are the four structural heart anomalies that make up the tetralogy of Fallot?
- A. Hypertrophied right ventricle
- B. Patent ductus arteriosus
- C. Ventral septal defect
- D. Narrowing of pulmonary artery
- E. Dextroposition of aorta
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Tetralogy of Fallot includes a hypertrophied right ventricle, patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonary artery stenosis, and dextroposition of the aorta. Note: The document incorrectly lists 'ventral septal defect' instead of 'ventricular septal defect,' but the correct term is assumed.
How long should a 4-year-old child recovering from rheumatic fever need to receive monthly injections of penicillin G?
- A. 1 year
- B. 2 years
- C. 5 years
- D. 10 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Monthly penicillin G injections for at least 5 years prevent recurrent rheumatic fever in children.