Nokea
What is the primary action of hydralazine in heart failure?
- A. Increasing heart rate
- B. Reducing afterload
- C. Increasing myocardial contractility
- D. Reducing fluid retention
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: B' is correct because hydralazine reduces afterload via arterial vasodilation, easing cardiac workload in heart failure, per pharmacology. 'A' and 'C' aren't its effects. 'D' is nitrate-related (preload). Afterload reduction improves ejection fraction in CHF.
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The anticancer drug, etoposide, works by targeting which of these topoisomerase enzymes?
- A. Topoisomerase I
- B. Topoisomerase II
- C. Topoisomerase III
- D. Topoisomerase IV
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Etoposide (Choice B) inhibits topoisomerase II, preventing DNA unwinding and causing cancer cell death, making it correct. Topoisomerase I (Choice A) is targeted by topotecan, III (Choice C) and IV (Choice D) are bacterial or less relevant, confirming B.
The physician must keep which of the following records when using drugs found on the DEA list of scheduled medications?
- A. a log of all scheduled medications given
- B. copies of the supplier's invoices showing the receipt of the drug
- C. a copy of a BNDD number for each place where the physician administers Schedule II medications
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All of the above' is correct because DEA regulations require physicians to maintain a log of scheduled medications administered (a), keep supplier invoices for receipt (b), and, though BNDD is outdated, modern equivalents like DEA registration numbers per location apply (c interpreted as DEA compliance). 'a' or 'b' alone misses other requirements, and 'c' as BNDD is a misnomer but contextually fits DEA rules. Comprehensive record-keeping prevents diversion, per Controlled Substances Act mandates.
What route is used to administer the tuberculosis skin test?
- A. Intramuscular
- B. Intradermal
- C. Intravenous
- D. Subcutaneous
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Intradermal (B) is used for the TB skin test, per the text, making it correct. A, C, and D target systemic effects, ruling them out.
What is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors?
- A. Hyperkalemia
- B. Hypokalemia
- C. Hypernatremia
- D. Hyponatremia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A' is correct because ACE inhibitors reduce aldosterone, decreasing potassium excretion, leading to hyperkalemia, a well-documented side effect in pharmacology texts. 'B' (hypokalemia) occurs with diuretics like furosemide. 'C' and 'D' (sodium imbalances) are less common, as ACEIs primarily affect potassium via the renin-angiotensin system. Monitoring potassium levels is critical during therapy.
A client is receiving a brand name drug and wants to change to the generic form because it is less expensive. What is the best outcome for this client?
- A. State two ways a brand name drug differs from a generic name drug.
- B. Take the brand name drug after speaking with the physician.
- C. Ask the nurse why brand name drugs are better than generic drugs.
- D. List two ways to obtain the medication at a reduced cost.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best outcome is A: 'State two ways a brand name drug differs from a generic name drug.' Page 6 notes differences in bioavailability and inert ingredients, an educational goal. B, C, and D are less focused on understanding. The text supports A per the learning outcome on page 21.