Nokea
What is the primary function of hemoglobin in the blood?
- A. Transporting oxygen
- B. Carrying nutrients
- C. Clotting blood
- D. Removing carbon dioxide
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Transporting oxygen. Hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells, plays a crucial role in transporting oxygen in the blood. It binds to oxygen in the lungs forming oxyhemoglobin and carries it to tissues and organs throughout the body. Once at the destination, hemoglobin releases the oxygen for cellular respiration, providing energy for various physiological processes. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as hemoglobin's primary function is not carrying nutrients, clotting blood, or removing carbon dioxide. These functions are carried out by other components in the blood such as plasma proteins, platelets, and red blood cells, respectively.
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What is the primary function of the circulatory system?
- A. To produce hormones
- B. To transport oxygen and nutrients
- C. To fight infections
- D. To regulate body temperature
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The circulatory system's primary function is to transport oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells and remove waste products. Choice A is incorrect because hormone production is primarily carried out by endocrine glands. Choice C is incorrect as fighting infections is a role of the immune system. Choice D is incorrect as regulating body temperature is mainly controlled by the integumentary and nervous systems.
Which vitamin is important for the absorption of iron?
- A. Vitamin C
- B. Vitamin D
- C. Vitamin K
- D. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin C. Vitamin C is essential for the absorption of iron, especially from plant-based sources. It aids in converting non-heme iron (found in plants) into a form that is easier for the body to absorb. This is crucial in preventing iron-deficiency anemia, making Vitamin C a key nutrient for overall health. Vitamin D (choice B) is important for calcium absorption and bone health, not iron absorption. Vitamin K (choice C) plays a role in blood clotting and bone metabolism, not iron absorption. Vitamin B12 (choice D) is important for red blood cell formation and neurological function but is not directly involved in iron absorption.
Which of the following is not a component of the central nervous system?
- A. Brain
- B. Heart
- C. Retina
- D. Spinal cord
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The central nervous system comprises the brain and spinal cord, responsible for processing and transmitting information. The retina, though part of the eye, is an extension of the central nervous system. However, the heart is part of the circulatory system, responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. Therefore, the correct answer is the heart as it is not a component of the central nervous system.
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
- A. Transport oxygen to cells
- B. Remove carbon dioxide from the body
- C. Produce hormones
- D. Transport nutrients
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Remove carbon dioxide from the body. The primary function of the lymphatic system is to return excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream and assist in the body's defense against infections by filtering out harmful pathogens and foreign particles. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because transporting oxygen to cells is mainly done by the circulatory system, hormone production is primarily carried out by endocrine glands, and nutrient transport is also a function of the circulatory system and the digestive system, not the lymphatic system.
Which of the following is a structure found in the upper respiratory tract?
- A. Pharynx
- B. Larynx
- C. Trachea
- D. Esophagus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The pharynx is a structure found in the upper respiratory tract. It serves as a common pathway for both air and food, playing a crucial role in directing air to the trachea and food to the esophagus. The larynx, trachea, and esophagus are important structures in the respiratory and digestive systems, but the pharynx specifically belongs to the upper respiratory tract, making it the correct answer.